This lecture features discussions with three experts in agronomy and rural issues. Mathieu Calam, an agronomist and director of a foundation, shares insights on agricultural policies in Europe and the role of scientific expertise. Emmanuel Haz, from Atelier Paysan, discusses the challenges in the French agricultural sector and advocates for the installation of more farmers. The lecture delves into the history of agriculture, the impact of industrial practices, and the importance of sustainable alternatives to address environmental and social concerns.