Coordinates and Projection Systems

This lecture introduces the principles of transposing spatial entities from geographic space to cartographic representation. It covers scales of observation and representation, coordinate systems, projection systems, and the relationship between different scales. The lecture also explains the concept of geoid, the approximation of geoid by an ellipsoid, and the classification of projection systems. Additionally, it discusses the European Petroleum Survey Group (EPSG) codes for various projection systems, emphasizing the importance of EPSG codes in characterizing projection systems. The lecture concludes with examples of specific projection systems like WGS 84, Mercator, and UTM. Overall, the lecture provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts in geographic information systems.