This lecture provides a comprehensive overview of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques, focusing on their historical development and clinical applications. It begins with a historical perspective, tracing the origins of brain stimulation methods back to ancient practices, including early electrical treatments for headaches. The instructor discusses significant advancements in the field, particularly the introduction of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), highlighting their mechanisms and effects on cortical excitability and neuroplasticity. The lecture emphasizes the importance of NIBS in neurorehabilitation, particularly for stroke recovery, and presents evidence from studies demonstrating its efficacy in enhancing motor function and cognitive abilities. The instructor also addresses the challenges of personalization in treatment protocols, advocating for tailored approaches based on individual patient profiles. Finally, the lecture explores future directions for NIBS, including the potential for home-based applications and the integration of advanced technologies to improve treatment outcomes.