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In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero (−273.15 °C or −459.67 °F). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which microscopic quantum mechanical phenomena, particularly wavefunction interference, become apparent macroscopically.
In physics, energy () is the quantitative property that is transferred to a body or to a physical system, recognizable in the performance of work and in the form of heat and light. Energy is a conserved quantity—the law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted in form, but not created or destroyed. The unit of measurement for energy in the International System of Units (SI) is the joule (J).
We study the formation of singularities for cylindrical symmetric solutions to the Gross-Pitaevskii equation describing a Dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate. We prove that solutions arising from initial
We consider the pure-power defocusing nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation, in the H-1-subcritical case, posed on the product space R-d X T, where T is the one-dimensional flat torus. In this framework, we
We consider a Gross-Pitaevskii equation which appears as a model in the description of dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates, without a confining external trapping potential. We describe the asymptotic dy