On the influence of symbols and myths in the responsibility ascription problem in roboethics - A roboticist’s perspective

Because of the increasing developments of humanoid robots, humans and robots are going to interact more and more often in the near future. Thus, the need for a well-defined ethical framework in which these interactions will take place is very acute. In this article, we will show why responsibility ascription is a key concept to understand today’s and tomorrow’s ethical issues related to human-robot interactions. By analyzing how the myths surrounding the figure of the robot in western societies have been built through centuries, we will be able to demonstrate that the question of responsibility ascription is biased in the sense that it assigns to autonomous robots a role that should be devoted to humans

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Aude Billard, Sarah Dégallier Rochat, Pierre-André Mudry
2008
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/121430?ln=en

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A robot is a machine—especially one programmable by a computer—capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically. A robot can be guided by an external control device, or the contro

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An autonomous robot is a robot that acts without recourse to human control. The first autonomous robots environment were known as Elmer and Elsie, which were constructed in the late 1940s by W. Grey

From Real-time Attention Assessment to “With-me-ness” in Human-Robot Interaction

Pierre Dillenbourg, Fernando Garcia, Alexis David Jacq, Séverin Lemaignan

Measuring ``how much the human is in the interaction'' -- the level of engagement -- is instrumental in building effective interactive robots. Engagement, however, is a complex, multi-faceted cognitive mechanism that is only indirectly observable. This article formalizes with-me-ness as one of such indirect measures. With-me-ness, a concept borrowed from the field of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, measures in a well-defined way to what extent the human is with the robot over the course of an interactive task. As such, it is a meaningful precursor of engagement. We expose in this paper the full methodology, from real-time estimation of the human's focus of attention (relying on a novel, open-source, vision-based head pose estimator), to on-line computation of with-me-ness. We report as well on the experimental validation of this approach, using a naturalistic setup involving children during a complex robot-teaching task.

Ieee2016

From Real-time Attention Assessment to "With-me-ness" in Human-Robot Interaction

Pierre Dillenbourg, Fernando Garcia, Séverin Lemaignan

Measuring "how much the human is in the interaction" - the level of engagement - is instrumental in building effective interactive robots. Engagement, however, is a complex, multi-faceted cognitive mechanism that is only indirectly observable. This article formalizes with-me-ness as one of such indirect measures. With-me-ness, a concept borrowed from the field of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning, measures in a well-defined way to what extent the human is with the robot over the course of an interactive task. As such, it is a meaningful precursor of engagement. We expose in this paper the full methodology, from real-time estimation of the human's focus of attention (relying on a novel, open-source, vision-based head pose estimator), to on-line computation of with-me-ness. We report as well on the experimental validation of this approach, using a naturalistic setup involving children during a complex robot-teaching task.

Assoc Computing Machinery2016

Unfreezing Social Navigation: Dynamical Systems based Compliance for Contact Control in Robot Navigation

Aude Billard, Diego Felipe Paez Granados

Soon human-robot interactions in pedestrian areas will be beyond the novelty effect with the deployment of delivery robots, autonomous personal mobility vehicles, and surveillance robots. Proxemics and other social rules guide these interactions, nonetheless, contactless navigation might be yielded infeasible by pedestrian density in certain areas or by adversarial pedestrians. In such scenarios, freezing the robot might go against bystanders safety and task completion might only be feasible under controlled contact interactions. We present a force-limited and obstacle avoidance integrated controller through a time-invariant dynamical system in a closed-loop force controller that let the robot react instantaneously and drive around pedestrians. Mitigating the risk of collision is done by modulating the velocity commands upon detecting a pedestrian and absorbing part of the contact force through active compliant control when the robot bumps inadvertently against the pedestrian.

2021