La guillotine permanenteLa guillotine permanente ("The permanent Guillotine") is a French revolutionary song from the French Revolution. The lyrics regard the guillotine and its usage as a weapon of the revolution. Around the year 1789, the National Constituent Assembly was debating about a new criminal law for France. Among the representatives of the bourgeoisie was the doctor Joseph-Ignace Guillotin, who argued for an equalization of the capital punishment. He suggested that all executions may be carried out as a beheading through a "simple mechanism".
La Tuque, QuebecLa Tuque (lɑː_tjuːk; la t͡sʏk) is a city located in north-central Quebec, Canada, on the Saint-Maurice River, between Trois-Rivières and Chambord. The population was 11,129 at the 2021 Canadian census, most of which live within the urban area. At over , it is the largest city in Canada by area. The Classique internationale de canots de la Mauricie canoeing race begins at La Tuque. The name, which dates to the eighteenth century, originates from a nearby rock formation which resembles a French-Canadian knitted cap known as the tuque.
La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorialThe La Ferté-sous-Jouarre memorial is a World War I memorial in France, located on the south bank of the river Marne, on the outskirts of the commune of La Ferté-sous-Jouarre, 66 kilometres east of Paris, in the department of Seine-et-Marne. Also known as the Memorial to the Missing of the Marne, it commemorates over 3,700 British and Irish soldiers with no known grave, who fell in battle in this area in August, September and early October 1914.
École des Mines de DouaiIMT Nord Europe or École nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Lille Douai is a French graduate school of engineering (grande école d'ingénieurs). It is located in the Hauts-de-France region, shared between 2 campuses: the science campus (cité scientifique) of the University of Lille (Villeneuve-d'Ascq, European Metropolis of Lille); and the city of Douai. It is accredited by the Commission des Titres d'Ingénieur (CTI) to deliver the French Diplôme d'Ingénieur.
Water–cement ratioThe water–cement ratio (w/c ratio, or water-to-cement ratio, sometimes also called the Water-Cement Factor, f) is the ratio of the mass of water (w) to the mass of cement (c) used in a concrete mix: The typical values of this ratio f = are generally comprised in the interval 0.40 and 0.60. The water-cement ratio of the fresh concrete mix is one of the main, if not the most important, factors determining the quality and properties of hardened concrete, as it directly affects the concrete porosity, and a good concrete is always a concrete as compact and as dense as possible.
Pierre LalouettePierre Lalouette de Vernicourt (1711 - 1792) was a distinguished French anatomist. Lalouette described a lobe present in around a third of the population's thyroids that would later be called the Lalouette's Pyramid. When asked about a possible function for the thyroid gland, Lalouette said that it "would intervene to modulate voice expression by the liquid it produces." Nouvelle méthode de traiter les maladies vénériennes par la fumigation, avec les procès-verbaux des guérisons opérées par ce moyen in 1776 (translated in English in 1777).
Gilles de RaisGilles de Rais (c. 1405 – 26 October 1440), Baron de Rais (də ʁɛ), was a knight and lord from Brittany, Anjou and Poitou, a leader in the French army, and a companion-in-arms of Joan of Arc. He is best known for his reputation and later conviction as a confessed serial killer of children. A member of the House of Montmorency-Laval, Gilles de Rais was raised by his maternal grandfather. He earned the favour of the Duke of Brittany and was admitted to the French court.
François de ChennevièresFrançois de Chennevières (22 November 1699 in La Rochefoucauld – 13 November 1779) was an 18th-century French poet and librettist. Among other works, Chennevières authored a collection of poems, the Loisirs de M. de C*** (The Hague, Neaulme, 1764 2 vol. in-18). We also owe him Célime, ou le Temple de l'indifférence détruit par l'amour, ballet in one act presented by the Académie royale de musique 28 September 1756 (Paris, aux dépens de l'Académie, Vve Delormel et fils, 1756).
ENSAITThe École nationale supérieure des arts et industries textiles (ENSAIT) is a French Engineering grand établissement (grande école) and a member of UP-TEX research cluster (Union Pôle Textile). ENSAIT is a higher education and research institute, gathering all the disciplines related to textiles. ENSAIT chairs include four departments related to education and research. A majority of full-time students requesting admission have to pass a competitive exam (Concours e3a) in order to attend ENSAIT at the end of their undergraduate studies.
Hirak (Algeria)The 2019–2021 Algerian protests, also called Revolution of Smiles or Hirak Movement (الحِرَاك), began on 16 February 2019, six days after Abdelaziz Bouteflika announced his candidacy for a fifth presidential term in a signed statement. These protests, without precedent since the Algerian Civil War, were peaceful and led the military to insist on Bouteflika's immediate resignation, which took place on 2 April 2019. By early May, a significant number of power-brokers close to the deposed administration, including the former president's younger brother Saïd, had been arrested.
