The presence or absence of loops in the emergent transportation networks, that are characterized by a minimum overall cost, is shown to depend on the convexity of the cost function for the local transportation of material. Our results are directly applicable to a variety of situations across disciplines.
Robert West, Maxime Jean Julien Peyrard, Marija Sakota
Anastasia Ailamaki, Viktor Sanca, Eleni Zapridou, Stefan Igescu
Volkan Cevher, Efstratios Panteleimon Skoulakis