Analysis and Prevention of Vortex Breakdown in the Simplified Discharge Cone of a Francis Turbine
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The flow in the draft tube cone of Francis turbines operated at partial discharge is a complex hydrodynamic phenomenon where an incoming steady axisymmetric swirling flow evolves into a three-dimensional unsteady flow field with precessing helical vortex ( ...
International Association For Hydraulic Research2008
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International Association For Hydraulic Research2010