Ligue de l'enseignementLa Ligue de l'enseignement was initially conceived and created by the journalist Jean Macé, on 15 November 1866. It was advocated for by liberal press, as public, free, compulsory and secular education. A congress convened in 1881, which gave La Ligue its federal form. In 1925, after World War I, La Ligue decentralized in order to create even greater access for the public needs. Midway through World War II, in 1942, the league dissolved. In a re-founding convening congress in 1945, La Ligue deepened its involvement in secularism and the humanities.
Le LibertaireLe Libertaire is a Francophone anarchist newspaper established in New York City in June 1858 by the exiled anarchist Joseph Déjacque. It appeared at slightly irregular intervals until February 1861. The title reappeared in Algiers in 1892 and was then produced in Brussels between 1893 and 1894. In 1895, Le Libertaire was relaunched as a weekly publication in France by Sébastien Faure and in the socially and politically turbulent years that accompanied rapid economic change during the run up to 1914 it became a leading title in a growing field of anarchist newspapers and journals.
Emmanuel Le Roy LadurieEmmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie (emanɥɛl bɛʁnaʁ lə ʁwa ladyʁi, born 19 July 1929) is a French historian whose work is mainly focused upon Languedoc in the Ancien Régime, particularly the history of the peasantry. One of the leading historians of France, Le Roy Ladurie has been called the "standard-bearer" of the third generation of the Annales school and the "rock star of the medievalists", noted for his work in social history. Le Roy Ladurie was born in Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais, Calvados.
