Ligue de l'enseignementLa Ligue de l'enseignement was initially conceived and created by the journalist Jean Macé, on 15 November 1866. It was advocated for by liberal press, as public, free, compulsory and secular education. A congress convened in 1881, which gave La Ligue its federal form. In 1925, after World War I, La Ligue decentralized in order to create even greater access for the public needs. Midway through World War II, in 1942, the league dissolved. In a re-founding convening congress in 1945, La Ligue deepened its involvement in secularism and the humanities.
Le LibertaireLe Libertaire is a Francophone anarchist newspaper established in New York City in June 1858 by the exiled anarchist Joseph Déjacque. It appeared at slightly irregular intervals until February 1861. The title reappeared in Algiers in 1892 and was then produced in Brussels between 1893 and 1894. In 1895, Le Libertaire was relaunched as a weekly publication in France by Sébastien Faure and in the socially and politically turbulent years that accompanied rapid economic change during the run up to 1914 it became a leading title in a growing field of anarchist newspapers and journals.
Emmanuel Le Roy LadurieEmmanuel Bernard Le Roy Ladurie (emanɥɛl bɛʁnaʁ lə ʁwa ladyʁi, born 19 July 1929) is a French historian whose work is mainly focused upon Languedoc in the Ancien Régime, particularly the history of the peasantry. One of the leading historians of France, Le Roy Ladurie has been called the "standard-bearer" of the third generation of the Annales school and the "rock star of the medievalists", noted for his work in social history. Le Roy Ladurie was born in Les Moutiers-en-Cinglais, Calvados.
Gaston JèzeGaston Jèze (March 2, 1869, Toulouse – August 5, 1953, Deauville) was a French academic, humanitarian and human rights activist. He was a professor of public law and the resident of the International Law Institute. During the 1930s, he served as legal counsel to Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia, who had been deposed and exiled by the Italian Fascists. During World War II, he spoke out against the persecution of Jews and other minorities by Vichy France.
Musée socialThe Musée social was a private French institution founded in 1894. In the early twentieth century it became an important center of research into topics such as city planning, social housing and labor organization. For many years it played an important role in influencing government policy. The original purpose of the Musée social was to preserve documents from the Social Economy pavilion of the Exposition Universelle (1889). This exposition, one hundred years after the French Revolution, had recorded the many changes in thought about the organization of society that had followed.
Desjardins Financial SecurityDesjardins Financial Security (DFS) is the life and health insurance arm of Desjardins Group, the leading financial institution in Quebec and the largest cooperative financial group in Canada. DFS registered a record-breaking revenue data in 2016, with a year-over-year increase of 12.5%. In terms of written premium, the industry ranks second in Quebec, and fifth in Canada. The head office of Desjardins Financial Security is in Lévis, Quebec, and has branches in several cities across Canada, including Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, Quebec City, Halifax and St.
Habr MaqdiThe Habr Maqdi (Arabic:هبرمقدي) was a historical Somali confederation that composed of multiple clans such as the Bartire and Yabarre who are considered now apart of the Jidwaaq and come under the Absame Darod branch. The Habr Maqdi are well known for their conquests in Abyssinia as they had played a very prominent role in Ethiopian-Adal War. They are famous for bringing the largest army and were very loyal to Imam Ahmed. Richard Burton documented the Berteri branch of Habr Maqdi to have long been connected with the emirs of Harar.
Emmanuel LevinasEmmanuel Levinas (ˈlɛvɪnæs; ɛmanɥɛl levinas; 12 January 1906 – 25 December 1995) was a French philosopher of Lithuanian Jewish ancestry who is known for his work within Jewish philosophy, existentialism, and phenomenology, focusing on the relationship of ethics to metaphysics and ontology. Emanuelis Levinas (later adapted to French orthography as Emmanuel Levinas) was born in 1906 into a middle-class Litvak family in Kaunas, in present-day Lithuania, then Kovno district, at the Western edge of the Russian Empire.
Or Thora Synagogue (Tunis)The Or-Thora Synagogue (בית הכנסת אור תורה; كنيس أور تورا بتونس) is a synagogue located in the Hara (old city) of the city of Tunis. It was completed in the early 1930s, prior to World War II. It was designed by architects Aimé Krief and Jean Sebag. Habib Bourguiba, who served as the President of Tunisia from 1957 to 1987, visited the synagogue on February 12, 1957. After the departure of most of the Tunisian Jews for Israel and France following the anti-Jewish riots during the Six-Day War, which included the burning of the Torah Scrolls at the synagogue, religious services stopped being offered at the synagogue.
Quebec French lexiconThere are various lexical differences between Quebec French and Metropolitan French in France. These are distributed throughout the registers, from slang to formal usage. Notwithstanding Acadian French in the Maritime Provinces, Quebec French is the dominant form of French throughout Canada, with only very limited interregional variations. The terms Quebec French and Canadian French are therefore often used interchangeably.
