Publication

Role of total arterial compliance and peripheral resistance in the determination of systolic and diastolic aortic pressure

Abstract

The goal of the study was to define the major arterial parameters that determine aortic systolic (Ps) and diastolic (Pd) pressure in the dog. Measured aortic flows were used as input to the two-element windkessel model of the arterial system, with peripheral resistance calculated as mean pressure over mean flow and total arterial compliance calculated from the decay time in diastole. The windkessel model yielded an aortic pressure wave from which we obtained the predicted systolic (Ps, wk) and diastolic (Pd, wk) pressure. These predicted pressures were compared with the measured systolic and diastolic pressures. The measurements and calculations were carried out in 7 dogs in control conditions, during aortic occlusion at four locations (the trifurcation, between trifurcation and diaphragm, the diaphragm and the proximal descending thoracic aorta) and during occlusion of both carotid arteries. Under all conditions studied the predicted systolic and diastolic pressure matched the experimental ones very well: Ps, wk = (1.000 +/- 0.0055) Ps with r = 0.958 and Pd, wk = (1.024 +/- 0.0035) Pd with r = 0.995. Linear regression for pulse pressure gave PPwk = (0.99 +/- 0.016) PP (r = 0.911). We found the accuracy of prediction equally good under control conditions and in presence of aortic or carotid artery occlusions. Multiple regression between pulse pressure and arterial resistance and total arterial compliance yielded a poor regression constant (r2 = 0.19) suggesting that the two arterial parameters alone cannot explain pulse pressure and that flow is an important determinant as well. We conclude that, for a given ejection pattern (aortic flow), two arterial parameters, total arterial resistance and total arterial compliance are sufficient to accurately describe systolic and diastolic aortic pressure.

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Related concepts (37)
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. Most of this pressure results from the heart pumping blood through the circulatory system. When used without qualification, the term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in a brachial artery, where it is most commonly measured. Blood pressure is usually expressed in terms of the systolic pressure (maximum pressure during one heartbeat) over diastolic pressure (minimum pressure between two heartbeats) in the cardiac cycle.
Vascular resistance
Vascular resistance is the resistance that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system and create blood flow. The resistance offered by the systemic circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or may sometimes be called by the older term total peripheral resistance (TPR), while the resistance offered by the pulmonary circulation is known as the pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Systemic vascular resistance is used in calculations of blood pressure, blood flow, and cardiac function.
Ventricle (heart)
A ventricle is one of two large chambers toward the bottom of the heart that collect and expel blood towards the peripheral beds within the body and lungs. The blood pumped by a ventricle is supplied by an atrium, an adjacent chamber in the upper heart that is smaller than a ventricle. Interventricular means between the ventricles (for example the interventricular septum), while intraventricular means within one ventricle (for example an intraventricular block).
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