Fermi-surface reconstruction by stripe order in cuprate superconductors

Johan Juul Chang
2011
Journal paper

The origin of pairing in a superconductor resides in the underlying normal state. In the cuprate high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu 3Oy (YBCO), application of a magnetic field to suppress superconductivity reveals a ground state that appears to break the translational symmetry of the lattice, pointing to some density-wave order. Here we use a comparative study of thermoelectric transport in the cuprates YBCO and La 1.8-xEu0.2SrxCuO4(Eu-LSCO) to show that the two materials exhibit the same process of Fermi-surface reconstruction as a function of temperature and doping. The fact that in Eu-LSCO this reconstruction coexists with spin and charge modulations that break translational symmetry shows that stripe order is the generic non-superconducting ground state of hole-doped cuprates. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

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Johan Juul Chang
2011
Journal paper

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/182231?ln=en

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Electric field gradient wave (EFGW) in iron-based superconductor Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 studied by Mossbauer spectroscopy

Janusz Andrzej Karpinski

The optimally doped '122' iron-based superconductor Ba0.6K0.4Fe2As2 has been studied by Fe-57 Mossbauer spectroscopy versus temperature ranging from 4.2 K till 300 K with particular attention paid to the superconducting transition around 38 K. The spectra do not contain magnetic components and they exhibit quasi-continuous distribution of quadrupole split doublets. A distribution follows the electric field gradient (EFG) spatial modulation (wave) - EFGW. The EFGW is accompanied by some charge density wave (CDW) having about an order of magnitude lesser influence on the spectrum. The EFGW could be modeled as widely separated narrow sheets with the EFG increasing from small till maximum value almost linearly and subsequently dropping back to the original value in a similar fashion - across the sheet. One encounters very small and almost constant EFG between sheets. The EFGW shape and amplitude as well as the amplitude of CDW are strongly affected by a superconducting transition. All modulations are damped significantly at transition (38 K) and recover at a temperature being about 14 K lower. The maximum quadrupole splitting at 4.2 K amounts to about 2.1 mm/s, while the dispersion of CDW seen on the iron nuclei could be estimated far away from the superconducting gap opening and at low temperature as 0.5 el./a.u.(3). It drops to about 0.3 el./a.u.(3) just below transition to the superconducting state. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Science Sa2014

Nernst effect in the cuprate superconductor YBa_{2}Cu_{3}O_{y}: Broken rotational and translational symmetries

Johan Juul Chang

The Nernst coefficient of the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu 3Oy was recently shown to become strongly anisotropic within the basal plane when cooled below the pseudogap temperature T, revealing that the pseudogap phase breaks the fourfold rotational symmetry of the CuO 2 planes. Here we report on the evolution of this Nernst anisotropy at low temperature, once superconductivity is suppressed by a magnetic field. We find that the anisotropy drops rapidly below 80 K, to vanish in the T=0 limit. We show that this loss of anisotropy is due to the emergence of a small high-mobility electronlike pocket in the Fermi surface at low temperature, a reconstruction attributed to a low-temperature state that breaks the translational symmetry of the CuO2 planes. We discuss the sequence of broken symmetries-first rotational, then translational-in terms of an electronic nematic-to-smectic transition such as could arise when unidirectional spin or charge modulations order. We compare YBa2Cu 3Oy with iron-pnictide superconductors where the process of (unidirectional) antiferromagnetic ordering gives rises to the same sequence of broken symmetries. © 2011 American Physical Society.

2011

The Hall coefficient RH of the cuprate superconductor YBa 2Cu3Oy was measured in magnetic fields up to 60 T for a hole concentration p from 0.078 to 0.152 in the underdoped regime. In fields large enough to suppress superconductivity, RH(T) is seen to go from positive at high temperature to negative at low temperature, for p0.08. This change of sign is attributed to the emergence of an electron pocket in the Fermi surface at low temperature. At p<0.08, the normal-state R H(T) remains positive at all temperatures, increasing monotonically as T→0. We attribute the change of behavior across p=0.08 to a Lifshitz transition, namely a change in Fermi-surface topology occurring at a critical concentration pL=0.08, where the electron pocket vanishes. The loss of the high-mobility electron pocket across pL coincides with a tenfold drop in the conductivity at low temperature, revealed in measurements of the electrical resistivity ρ at high fields, showing that the so-called metal-insulator crossover of cuprates is in fact driven by a Lifshitz transition. It also coincides with a jump in the in-plane anisotropy of ρ, showing that without its electron pocket, the Fermi surface must have strong twofold in-plane anisotropy. These findings are consistent with a Fermi-surface reconstruction caused by a unidirectional spin-density wave or stripe order. © 2011 American Physical Society.

2011

High-temperature superconductivity

High-temperature superconductors (abbreviated high-Tc or HTS) are defined as materials with critical temperature (the temperature below which the material behaves as a superconductor) a

Magnetic field

A magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, and magnetic materials. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a for

Temperature

Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperatur