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First observation of the decay B+ -> pi(+)mu(+)mu(-)

Jian Wang, Olivier Schneider, Yiming Li, Yi Zhang, Aurelio Bay, Guido Haefeli, Christoph Frei, Frédéric Blanc, Tatsuya Nakada, Michel De Cian, Christophe Salzmann, Lei Zhang, Jessica Prisciandaro, Mark Tobin, Minh Tâm Tran, Niko Neufeld, Matthew Needham, Marc-Olivier Bettler, Greig Alan Cowan, Maurizio Martinelli, Vladislav Balagura, Donal Patrick Hill, Cédric Potterat, Jean Wicht, Ilya Komarov, Plamen Hristov Hopchev, Bastien Luca Muster, Frédéric Guillaume Dupertuis, Julien Rouvinet, Barinjaka Rakotomiaramanana, Pierre Jaton, Joël Bressieux, Raluca Anca Muresan, Songmei Wu, Johan Luisier, Anne Keune, Albert Puig Navarro, Vincent Fave, Christophe Bauer, Mathias Oleg Knecht, Hans Dijkstra, Gerhard Raven, Peter Clarke, Frédéric Teubert, Giovanni Carboni, Victor Coco, Wenyu Zhang
2012
Journal paper
Abstract

A discovery of the rare decay B+ -> pi(+)mu(+)mu(-) is presented. This decay is observed for the first time, with 5.2 sigma significance. The observation is made using p p collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1), collected with the LHCb detector. The measured branching fraction is (2.3 +/- 0.6 (stat.) +/- 0.1 (syst.)) x 10(-8), and the ratio of the B+ -> pi(+)mu(+)mu(-) and B+ -> K+mu(+)mu(-) branching fractions is measured to be 0.053 +/- 0.014 (stat.) +/- 0.001 (syst.).

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Physics
Related concepts (32)
Beta decay
In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide. For example, beta decay of a neutron transforms it into a proton by the emission of an electron accompanied by an antineutrino; or, conversely a proton is converted into a neutron by the emission of a positron with a neutrino in so-called positron emission.
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is considered radioactive. Three of the most common types of decay are alpha, beta, and gamma decay, all of which involve emitting particles. The weak force is the mechanism that is responsible for beta decay, while the other two are governed by the electromagnetism and nuclear force.
Decay chain
In nuclear science, the decay chain refers to a series of radioactive decays of different radioactive decay products as a sequential series of transformations. It is also known as a "radioactive cascade". The typical radioisotope does not decay directly to a stable state, but rather it decays to another radioisotope. Thus there is usually a series of decays until the atom has become a stable isotope, meaning that the nucleus of the atom has reached a stable state. Decay stages are referred to by their relationship to previous or subsequent stages.
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