Increased axonal bouton dynamics in the aging mouse cortex
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Complex brain diseases and neurological disorders in human generally result from the disturbance of multiple genes and signaling pathways. These disturbances may derive from mutations, deletions, translocations or rearrangements of specific gene(s). Howeve ...
The understanding of brain function requires the development of new methods to perturb and track distinct neuronal populations in the developing and adult central nervous system. Over the past ten years, in utero electroporation (IUE) has arisen as an extr ...
The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies. Its mammalian homologue, SIRT1, seems to have evolved complex systemic r ...
Neocortical layer 5 (L5) pyramidal cells have at least two spike initiation zones: Na(+) spikes are generated near the soma, and Ca(2+) spikes at the apical dendritic tuft. These spikes interact with each other and serve as signals for synaptic plasticity. ...
Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity (STDP) is a temporally asymmetric form of Hebbian learning induced by tight temporal correlations between the spikes of pre- and postsynaptic neurons. As with other forms of synaptic plasticity, it is widely believed that ...
The human auditory system is comprised of specialized but interacting anatomic and functional pathways encoding object, spatial, and temporal information. We review how learning-induced plasticity manifests along these pathways and to what extent there are ...
The medulla oblongata (MO) contains a high density of glycinergic synapses and a particularly high concentration of glycine The aims of this study were to measure directly in vivo the neurochemical profile, including glycine, in MO using a spin-echo-based ...
Intensive research over the past few years has provided evidence, that stress is a potent modulator of brain function and cognition. In particular cognitive and emotional processes have been shown to be susceptible to modulation by stress. Whereas acute st ...
NCAM is an abundant cell adhesion molecule known to be important during development. Together with its posttranslational modification consisting of the addition of the polysaccharide polysialic acid (PSA), NCAM has been classically implicated in the regula ...
Humans and animals learn by modifying the synaptic strength between neurons, a phenomenon known as synaptic plasticity. These changes can be induced by rather short stimuli (lasting, for instance, only a few seconds), yet, in order to be useful for long-te ...