Publication

Driver electronics for efficient low noise stepper motor operation

2014
Student project
Abstract

Stepper motors are a very convenient and economical solution for accurate positioning applications where long lifetime and low wear are required. Their particularly simple open-loop operation reduces the number of control components to a minimum. However, the price for open-loop operation is an overdimensioned system in terms of available motor torque and electric input power in order to satisfy step synchronicity. Consequences of an over-powered motor are waste of energy, dissipative heating and excessive noise. Closed-loop motor commutation in brushless DC motors (BLDC) is typically accomplished with an appreciable electronic effort based on evaluation of digital Hall sensor signals which correlate with discrete rotor positions. Alternatively, sensorless commutation estimates the rotor movement from an analysis of the phase currents. This method fails at slow or no movement due to lack of induced voltage. The goal of this Master thesis is evaluation and analysis of optimum driver circuitry which attempts to overcome the disadvantages listed above. The drive system is required to be highly robust (at automotive conditions) with minimum power consumption, reduced noise and lowest count of components.

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Related concepts (32)
Electric motor
An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between the motor's magnetic field and electric current in a wire winding to generate force in the form of torque applied on the motor's shaft. An electric generator is mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates with a reversed flow of power, converting mechanical energy into electrical energy.
Brushless DC electric motor
A brushless DC electric motor (BLDC), also known as an electronically commutated motor, is a synchronous motor using a direct current (DC) electric power supply. It uses an electronic controller to switch DC currents to the motor windings producing magnetic fields that effectively rotate in space and which the permanent magnet rotor follows. The controller adjusts the phase and amplitude of the DC current pulses to control the speed and torque of the motor.
Stepper motor
A stepper motor, also known as step motor or stepping motor, is a brushless DC electric motor that divides a full rotation into a number of equal steps. The motor's position can be commanded to move and hold at one of these steps without any position sensor for feedback (an open-loop controller), as long as the motor is correctly sized to the application in respect to torque and speed. Switched reluctance motors are very large stepping motors with a reduced pole count, and generally are closed-loop commutated.
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