La morphogenèse haussmannienne

2018
Student project

En 1853, Napoléon III demande au Baron Haussmann de restructurer et transformer Paris. Afin d’aérer et de moderniser cette ville hyperdense, celui-ci va créer un système urbain et architectural afin de redessiner rapidement la capitale française. L’élément principal de cette nouvelle logique est l’îlot haussmannien, composé selon des règles précises qui lui permettent d’être répété le long des rues et boulevards parisiens. Si ce modèle est une réussite en termes de densité et d’unité urbaine, il est aussi symptomatique de la révolution Industrielle, une ère qui s’affranchit des questions climatiques. Aujourd’hui, l’expansion de la ville vers sa banlieue – pour former la métropole du Grand Paris – , pose la question de la régénération de l’îlot urbain parisien. D’une part, si le Grand Paris est la ville de demain, elle doit évoluer en tenant compte de la situation urbaine et écologique. D’autre part, elle doit se développer par le biais du système haussmannien afin de conserver son identité. Après avoir analysé et codifié l’îlot haussmannien à l’aide d’outils informatiques, ce projet a pour objectif de développer un nouvel îlot. Celui-ci partage le même processus de fabrication que son ancêtre haussmannien mais il se confronte au contexte climatique et urbain. Ici, l’architecture paramétrique nous permet de comprendre l’effet du vent, du soleil et des flux urbains sur cette nouvelle architecture. Ce projet s’inscrit ainsi dans une confrontation entre architecture paramétrique et architecture classique.

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2018
Student project

Abstract

Official source

https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/257700?ln=en

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Related concepts (3)

Paris

Paris (ˈpærɪs; paʁi) is the capital and most populous city of France, with an official estimated population of 2,102,650 residents as of 1 January 2023 in an area of more than , making it the fourth-most populated city in the European Union as well as the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2022. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of the world's major centres of finance, diplomacy, commerce, culture, fashion, gastronomy and many areas.

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is an architectural style that was prevalent in Europe from the late 12th to the 16th century, during the High and Late Middle Ages, surviving into the 17th and 18th centuries in some areas. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. It originated in the Île-de-France and Picardy regions of northern France. The style at the time was sometimes known as opus Francigenum (French work); the term Gothic was first applied contemptuously during the later Renaissance, by those ambitious to revive the architecture of classical antiquity.

French Gothic architecture

French Gothic architecture is an architectural style which emerged in France in 1140, and was dominant until the mid-16th century. The most notable examples are the great Gothic cathedrals of France, including Notre-Dame Cathedral, Reims Cathedral, Chartres Cathedral, and Amiens Cathedral. Its main characteristics are verticality, or height, and the innovative use of the rib vault and flying buttresses and other architectural innovations to distribute the weight of the stone structures to supports on the outside, allowing unprecedented height and volume.