The atomic force microscope acquires topographs of single native membrane proteins at subnanometer resolution. Owing to the high signal-to-noise ratio, such images allow the conformational space of membrane protein surfaces to be sampled. This is demonstrated by topographs of porin OrnpF, aquaporin-Z, and bacteriorhodopsin, all recorded at a lateral resolution of
Pierre Vogel, Henning Paul-Julius Stahlberg, Dongchun Ni, Babatunde Edukpe Ekundayo, Shuguang Yuan
David Lyndon Emsley, Jayasubba Reddy Yarava, Andrea Bertarello, Baptiste Busi, François Freymond