Publication

An RF Wireless Power Transfer system to power battery-free devices for asset tracking

Catherine Dehollain, Roberto La Rosa
2019
Conference paper
Abstract

Internet of Things (IoT) and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) infrastructures are becoming more and more available and diffused. One major outcome is the development of new services that help to make everyday life easier and better. One of those to which this paper reserves special attention is asset tracking which refers to the method of tracking physical assets. This service is very well based on IoT infrastructure and, due to the enormous number of objects to be traced, desperately needs the availability of inexpensive tags with sensing capabilities, that can be conveniently monitored from a long distance and require no maintenance. For this, engineers are called to face very challenging issues. One of these is how to power a maintenance-free tag that consequently must be battery-free. This paper deals with the investigation of a system based on radio frequency (RF) Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) that powers a battery-free tag for asset tracking, in which the major challenge is that the WPT deals with dynamic objects at different speeds. The performances and key features of a system on chip (SoC) specifically designed to power a tag by means of RF WPT will be investigated. The aim is to provide a strategy and a model to design the infrastructure by providing the number of hot-spots needed to perform successfully the identification of an asset. Validation of the model has been done by means of specific tests and experimental results are provided.

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Related concepts (34)
Radio-frequency identification
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects. An RFID system consists of a tiny radio transponder, a radio receiver and transmitter. When triggered by an electromagnetic interrogation pulse from a nearby RFID reader device, the tag transmits digital data, usually an identifying inventory number, back to the reader. This number can be used to track inventory goods. Passive tags are powered by energy from the RFID reader's interrogating radio waves.
Electric battery
A battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will flow through an external electric circuit to the positive terminal. When a battery is connected to an external electric load, a redox reaction converts high-energy reactants to lower-energy products, and the free-energy difference is delivered to the external circuit as electrical energy.
VRLA battery
A valve regulated lead–acid (VRLA) battery, commonly known as a sealed lead–acid (SLA) battery, is a type of lead–acid battery characterized by a limited amount of electrolyte ("starved" electrolyte) absorbed in a plate separator or formed into a gel; proportioning of the negative and positive plates so that oxygen recombination is facilitated within the cell; and the presence of a relief valve that retains the battery contents independent of the position of the cells.
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