Analysis of Non-Canonical Body-Conformal Arrays with Polarization Decomposition

Anja Skrivervik, Denys Nikolayev
2023
Conference paper

Conformal phased arrays can be found in many applications due to their ability to fit tridimensional surfaces and, thanks to their scanning performance, can excel planar arrays. However, most of the previously proposed analysis methods can be applied only to canonical cases and do not consider the effects of polarization. Therefore, this paper presents a closed-form formulation for analyzing antenna arrays conformal to arbitrary surfaces, evaluating the effects of the polarization components on the overall radiation performance. Besides, an on-body array conformal to the human torso surface is analyzed as a case study, and its beam scanning performance is evaluated with the developed in-house code. Finally, an amplitude tapering methodology is proposed to switch off shadowed elements and redistribute the power to the operational ones. After applying this tapering strategy, the results show that the maximum directivity is maintained, and a significant reduction in the side lobe levels is achieved.

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Polarization (also polarisation) is a property of transverse waves which specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations. In a transverse wave, the direction of the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave. A simple example of a polarized transverse wave is vibrations traveling along a taut string (see image); for example, in a musical instrument like a guitar string. Depending on how the string is plucked, the vibrations can be in a vertical direction, horizontal direction, or at any angle perpendicular to the string.

In electrodynamics, circular polarization of an electromagnetic wave is a polarization state in which, at each point, the electromagnetic field of the wave has a constant magnitude and is rotating at a constant rate in a plane perpendicular to the direction of the wave. In electrodynamics, the strength and direction of an electric field is defined by its electric field vector. In the case of a circularly polarized wave, the tip of the electric field vector, at a given point in space, relates to the phase of the light as it travels through time and space.

In antenna theory, a phased array usually means an electronically scanned array, a computer-controlled array of antennas which creates a beam of radio waves that can be electronically steered to point in different directions without moving the antennas. In a simple array antenna, the radio frequency current from the transmitter is fed to multiple individual antenna elements with the proper phase relationship so that the radio waves from the separate elements combine (superpose) to form beams, to increase power radiated in desired directions and suppress radiation in undesired directions.