Trifascicular blockTrifascicular block is a problem with the electrical conduction of the heart, specifically the three fascicles of the bundle branches that carry electrical signals from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles. The three fascicles are one in the right bundle branch, and two in the left bundle branch the left anterior fascicle and the left posterior fascicle. A block at any of these levels can cause an abnormality to show on an electrocardiogram The most literal meaning of trifascicular block is complete heart block: all three fascicles are blocked.
Sinus tachycardiaSinus tachycardia is a sinus rhythm with an increased rate of electrical discharge from the sinoatrial node, resulting in a tachycardia, a heart rate that is higher than the upper limit of normal (90-100 beats per minute for adult humans). The normal resting heart rate is 60–90 bpm in an average adult. Normal heart rates vary with age and level of fitness, from infants having faster heart rates (110-150 bpm) and the elderly having slower heart rates.
Gating (electrophysiology)In electrophysiology, the term gating refers to the opening (activation) or closing (by deactivation or inactivation) of ion channels. This change in conformation is a response to changes in transmembrane voltage. When ion channels are in a 'closed' (non-conducting) state, they are impermeable to ions and do not conduct electrical current. When ion channels are in their open state, they conduct electrical current by allowing specific types of ions to pass through them, and thus, across the plasma membrane of the cell.
Intraventricular blockAn intraventricular block is a heart conduction disorder — heart block of the ventricles of the heart. An example is a right bundle branch block, right fascicular block, bifascicular block, trifascicular block. Types of intraventricular blocks are Fascicular block Left anterior fascicular block Left posterior fascicular block Trifascicular block Bifascicular block (RBBB with fascicular block) Right bundle branch block (RBBB) Left bundle branch block (LBBB) Intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD) are conduction disorders seen in intraventricular propagation of supraventricular impulses resulting in changes in the QRS complex duration or morphology, or both.
First-degree atrioventricular blockFirst-degree atrioventricular block (AV block) is a disease of the electrical conduction system of the heart in which electrical impulses conduct from the cardiac atria to the ventricles through the atrioventricular node (AV node) more slowly than normal. First degree AV block does not generally cause any symptoms, but may progress to more severe forms of heart block such as second- and third-degree atrioventricular block. It is diagnosed using an electrocardiogram, and is defined as a PR interval greater than 200 milliseconds.
Inappropriate sinus tachycardiaInappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST) is a type of cardiac arrhythmia. Inappropriate sinus tachycardia is caused by electrical signals in the body speeding up the heart, rather than a physical deformity of the heart. This may be caused by a disturbance and/or failure of the autonomic nervous system. Research into the mechanism and etiology (cause) of inappropriate sinus tachycardia is ongoing. While sinus tachycardia is very common and is the most common type of tachycardia, it is rare to be diagnosed with Inappropriate Sinus Tachycardia as an independent symptom that is not part of a larger condition.
NeuroendocrinologyNeuroendocrinology is the branch of biology (specifically of physiology) which studies the interaction between the nervous system and the endocrine system; i.e. how the brain regulates the hormonal activity in the body. The nervous and endocrine systems often act together in a process called neuroendocrine integration, to regulate the physiological processes of the human body. Neuroendocrinology arose from the recognition that the brain, especially the hypothalamus, controls secretion of pituitary gland hormones, and has subsequently expanded to investigate numerous interconnections of the endocrine and nervous systems.
Clinical data acquisitionAcquisition or collection of clinical trial data can be achieved through various methods that may include, but are not limited to, any of the following: paper or electronic medical records, paper forms completed at a site, interactive voice response systems, local electronic data capture systems, or central web based systems. There is arguably no more important document than the instrument that is used to acquire the data from the clinical trial with the exception of the protocol, which specifies the conduct of that clinical trial.
Monitoring in clinical trialsClinical monitoring is the oversight and administrative efforts that monitor a participant's health and efficacy of the treatment during a clinical trial. Both independent and government-run grant-funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), require data and safety monitoring protocols for Phase I and II clinical trials conforming to their standards. Safety monitoring of a clinical trial is conducted by an independent physician with relevant expertise.
Computer facial animationComputer facial animation is primarily an area of computer graphics that encapsulates methods and techniques for generating and animating images or models of a character face. The character can be a human, a humanoid, an animal, a legendary creature or character, etc. Due to its subject and output type, it is also related to many other scientific and artistic fields from psychology to traditional animation.
