Fractional Collections with Cardinality Bounds, and Mixed Integer Linear Arithmetic with Stars

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Chiral Anomaly and Dynamos from Inhomogeneous Chemical Potential Fluctuations

In the standard model of particle physics, the chiral anomaly can occur in relativistic plasmas and plays a role in the early Universe, protoneutron stars, heavy-ion collisions, and quantum materials. It gives rise to a magnetic instability if the number d ...

Amer Physical Soc2024

Decision Procedures for Power Structures

Rodrigo Raya

We study the decision problem for the existential fragment of the theory of power structures. We prove complexity results that parallel the decidability results of Feferman-Vaught for the theories of product structures thereby showing that the construction ...

EPFL2023

Monotonicity Reasoning in the Age of Neural Foundation Models

Zeming Chen, Qiyue Gao

The recent advance of large language models (LLMs) demonstrates that these large-scale foundation models achieve remarkable capabilities across a wide range of language tasks and domains. The success of the statistical learning approach challenges our unde ...

Springer2023

Analysing the potential for modal shiftbased on the logic of modal choice

Vincent Kaufmann, Eloi Antoine Maël Bernier, Florian Lucien Jacques Masse, Ludy Juliana González Villamizar

This article explores how the logic underlying modal practices tends to modulate the population’s responsiveness to improvements in global transport supply. Based on a quantitative survey conducted in 2018–2019 among the working population of the cantons o ...

2023

Language Model Decoding as Likelihood–Utility Alignment

Boi Faltings, Robert West, Maxime Jean Julien Peyrard, Martin Josifoski, Valentin Hartmann, Debjit Paul, Jiheng Wei, Frano Rajic

A critical component of a successful language generation pipeline is the decoding algorithm. However, the general principles that should guide the choice of a decoding algorithm re- main unclear. Previous works only compare decoding algorithms in narrow sc ...

Assoc Computational Linguistics-Acl2023

Strong gravitational lensing by AGNs as a probe of the quasar-host relations in the distant Universe

Frédéric Courbin, Malte Tewes, Martin Raoul Robert Millon, Aymeric Alexandre Galan

A rare case of a quasar acting as a gravitational lens allows a precise determination of the mass of the quasar's host galaxy and offers a new path to studying the connections between supermassive black holes and their host galaxies. ...

NATURE PORTFOLIO2023

CosmoLattice: A modern code for lattice simulations of scalar and gauge field dynamics in an expanding universe

Daniel Garcia Figueroa, Adrien Florio, Wessel Valkenburg, Francisco Torrenti

This paper describes CosmoGattice, a modern package for lattice simulations of the dynamics of interacting scalar and gauge fields in an expanding universe. CosmoGattice incorporates a series of features that makes it very versatile and powerful: i) it is ...

ELSEVIER2023

Primordial black hole isocurvature modes from non-Gaussianity

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are black holes that might have formed in high density regions in the early universe. The presence of local-type non-Gaussianity can lead to large-scale fluctuations in the PBH formation rate. If PBHs make up a non-negligible ...

IOP Publishing Ltd2023

When is it safe to run a transactional workload under Read Committed?

Christoph Koch, Bas Ketsman

The popular isolation level multiversion Read Committed (RC) exchanges some of the strong guarantees of serializability for increased transaction throughput. Nevertheless, transaction workloads can sometimes be executed under RC while still guaranteeing se ...

ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2023

Keep Sensors in Check: Disentangling Country-Level Generalization Issues in Mobile Sensor-Based Models with Diversity Scores

Daniel Gatica-Perez, Lakmal Buddika Meegahapola

Machine learning models trained with passive sensor data from mobile devices can be used to perform various inferences pertaining to activity recognition, context awareness, and health and well-being. Prior work has improved inference performance through t ...

Assoc Computing Machinery2023