Louis Carré (mathematician)Louis Carré (26 July 1663 – 17 April 1711) was a French mathematician and member of the French Academy of Sciences. He was the author of one of the first books on integral calculus. Due to his father's wish that he become a priest, Carré studied theology for several years but did not join the priesthood. He took a post as an amanuensis for philosopher Nicolas Malebranche, a mathematics professor at the Congregation of the Oratory, and tutored students as well. On February 4, 1699, he became a student of Pierre Varignon at the Academy of Sciences.
Éleuthère MascartÉleuthère Élie Nicolas Mascart (20 February 1837 – 24 August 1908) was a noted French physicist, a researcher in optics, electricity, magnetism, and meteorology. Mascart was born in Quarouble, Nord. Starting in 1858, he attended the École normale supérieure (rue d'Ulm), earning his agrégé-préparateur three years later. He acquired his doctoral degree in science in 1864. After serving at various posts in secondary education, in 1868 he moved to the Collège de France to become Henri Victor Regnault's assistant.
Pierre LalouettePierre Lalouette de Vernicourt (1711 - 1792) was a distinguished French anatomist. Lalouette described a lobe present in around a third of the population's thyroids that would later be called the Lalouette's Pyramid. When asked about a possible function for the thyroid gland, Lalouette said that it "would intervene to modulate voice expression by the liquid it produces." Nouvelle méthode de traiter les maladies vénériennes par la fumigation, avec les procès-verbaux des guérisons opérées par ce moyen in 1776 (translated in English in 1777).
Claude BerrouClaude Berrou (klod bɛʁu; born 23 September 1951 in Penmarch) is a French professor in electrical engineering at École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne, now IMT Atlantique. He is the sole inventor of a groundbreaking quasi-optimal error-correcting coding scheme called Turbo codes as evidenced by the sole inventorship credit given on the fundamental patent for turbo codes. The original patent filing for turbo codes issued in the US as US Patent 5,446,747.
Georges BruhatGeorges Bruhat (21 December 1887 - 1 January 1945) was a French physicist. Bruhat studied physics from 1906 until 1909 at the École normale supérieure of Paris (ENS), with, among other, Henri Abraham, Marcel Brillouin and Aimé Cotton, and at the Sorbonne, among others with Gabriel Lippmann and Edmond Bouty. After being awarded a first degree in mathematics and physics, he taught for a year at Gymnasium and afterwards was an assistant at the École normale supérieure de Paris, which gave him time to prepare his PhD thesis with Aimé Cotton in Optics, which he defended in 1914 before the start of World War I.
François DupratFrançois Duprat (26 October 1940 – 18 March 1978) was a French essayist and politician, a founding member of the Front National party and part of the leadership until his assassination in 1978. Duprat was one of the main architects in the introduction of Holocaust denial in France. François Duprat was born on 26 October 1940, in Ajaccio, Corsica, and was educated in Bayonne, Toulouse, at the prestigious Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris. He graduated in history at the Sorbonne, earning a diploma of higher studies in history in 1963.
Claude PouilletClaude Servais Mathias Pouillet (16 February 1790 – 14 June 1868) was a French physicist and a professor of physics at the Sorbonne and member of the French Academy of Sciences (elected 1837). He studied sciences at the École normale supérieure (Paris), and from 1829 to 1849 was associated with the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, first as a professor, and beginning in 1832, an administrator. After the death of Pierre Louis Dulong in 1838, he attained the chair of physics at the Faculty of Sciences.
François GényFrançois Gény (1861–1959) was a French jurist and professor of law at the University of Nancy, who introduced the notion of "free scientific research" to the interpretation of positive law. His advocacy of judicial discretion in the interpretation of statutory law had an important influence across Europe. Gény also emphasized that judges should take into account social and economic factors when deciding cases. François Gény was the fourth child of a numerous family of 12 children.
Maurice VernesMaurice Vernes (25 September 1845, in Nauroy – 29 July 1923, in Paris) was a French Protestant theologian and historian of religion. He studied theology at the Protestant seminary in Montauban and the University of Strasbourg, receiving his doctorate in 1874. From 1877 he taught as a lecturer at the Sorbonne, and two years later, became a professor at the Faculté de théologie protestante de Paris (Protestant Faculty of Theology in Paris). In 1886, he was named director-adjoint at the École pratique des hautes études (section on religious sciences).
Louis Denis Jules GavarretLouis Denis Jules Gavarret, sometimes referred to as Louis Dominique Jules Gavarret (28 January 1809 – 30 August 1890) was a French physician who advocated the use of statistics in medicine. Gavarret was born in Astaffort, Lot-et-Garonne. He studied at the Ecole Polytechnique in Paris, followed by military service as an artillery officer. In 1833 he resigned his commission and began his studies with Gabriel Andral (1797–1876). Gavarret is remembered for the systemization and expansion of Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis' (1787-1872) statistical methodology in regards to medicine.
