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Nonlinear Frequency Conversion in the Hybrid Silicon Nitride - Lithium Niobate Integrated Platform

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Tobias Kippenberg, Rui Ning Wang, Mikhail Churaev, Viacheslav Snigirev, Junqiu Liu
2021

Abstract

We demonstrate optical frequency comb generation in hybrid high-Q optical microresonators fabricated using direct wafer bonding of photonic Damascene silicon nitride wafer with thin-film lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI). The devices enable direct phase control via Pockels effect.

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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/de9ba8c1-51bb-4d15-8c09-6f236c6342f6

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Related concepts (20)

The Pockels effect or Pockels electro-optic effect, also known as the linear electro-optic effect, is named after Friedrich Carl Alwin Pockels who studied the effect in 1893. The Pockels effect is a directionally dependent linear variation in the refractive index of an optical medium that occurs in response to the application of an electric field. The non-linear counterpart, the Kerr effect, causes changes in the refractive index at a rate proportional to the square of the applied electric field.

Nonlinear optics

Nonlinear optics (NLO) is the branch of optics that describes the behaviour of light in nonlinear media, that is, media in which the polarization density P responds non-linearly to the electric field E of the light. The non-linearity is typically observed only at very high light intensities (when the electric field of the light is >108 V/m and thus comparable to the atomic electric field of ~1011 V/m) such as those provided by lasers. Above the Schwinger limit, the vacuum itself is expected to become nonlinear.

A hybrid vehicle is one that uses two or more distinct types of power, such as submarines that use diesel when surfaced and batteries when submerged. Other means to store energy include pressurized fluid in hydraulic hybrids. Hybrid powertrains are designed to switch from one power source to another to maximize both fuel efficiency and energy efficiency. In hybrid electric vehicles, for instance, the electric motor is more efficient at producing torque, or turning power, while the combustion engine is better for maintaining high speed.

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