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The motion of atoms is at the heart of any chemical or structural transformation in molecules and materials. Upon activation of this motion by an external source, several (usually many) vibrational modes can be coherently coupled, thus facilitating the che ...
The evolution of the 3D morphology is at the center of many relevant biological processes ranging from cellular differentiation to cancer invasion and metastasis. Microscopy techniques, such as electron microscopy (EM), super-resolution (SR) optical micros ...
The magnetic propertiesof transition-metal ions aregenerallydescribed by the atomic spins of the ions and their exchange coupling.The orbital moment, usually largely quenched due the ligand field,is then seen as a perturbation. In such a scheme, S = 1/2 io ...
The aim of this project is to deposit a thin film of aluminum nitride (AlN) or aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) on a quartz substrate showing good piezoelectric properties for use in tuning fork oscillators. Quartz oscillators are commonly used in various ...
Oxide inclusions are inevitably present in steel as a direct consequence of the steelmaking process; as a result, a cubic centimetre of modern steel will generally contain about a million of these hard and brittle micrometre-sized ceramic particles. Inclus ...
We discuss the effects of image scanning microscopy using doughnut beam illumination on the properties of signal strength and integrated intensity. Doughnut beam illumination can give better optical sectioning and background rejection than Airy disk illumi ...
The properties of signal strength and integrated intensity in a scanned imaging system are reviewed. These prop-erties are especially applied to confocal imaging systems, including image scanning microscopy. The integrated intensity, equal to the image of ...
Understanding and actively controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of nonequilibrium electron clouds is fundamental for the design of light and electron sources, high power electronic devices, and plasma-based applications. However, electron clouds evolve ...
Fatigue damage in materials results in localized strain at the microstructural level. In many engineering components of the cooling circuits of nuclear power plants, where austenitic steels are used, the material experiences multiaxial cyclic loading, eith ...
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is an important technology for clean power generation in a decarbonized hydrogen system and is notably envisioned for applications in heavy-duty transportation. However, for cost and performance competitivenes ...