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T lymphocytes (T cells) are key components of the adaptive immune system. These cells are able to recognize an enormous variety of pathogens thanks to the great specificity of their trans-membrane proteins, the T cell receptors (TCRs). TCR diversity is cre ...
Long-term survival of persistent bacterial pathogens in mammalian hosts critically depends on their ability to avoid elimination by innate and adaptive immune responses. The persistent human pathogens that cause typhoid fever and tuberculosis exemplify alt ...
A central function of our innate immune system is to sense microbial pathogens through the presence of their nucleic acid genomes or their transcriptional or replicative activity. In mammals, a receptor-based system is mainly responsible for the detection ...
The innate immune response plays an essential role in the prevention of early viral dissemination. We used the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus model system to analyze the role of tissue macrophages/Kupffer cells in this process. Our findings demonstrate ...
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) causes 1.7 million deaths annually. According to the World Health Organization, in some areas of the world, 25% of TB cases are due to multi- or extensively drug resistant M. tb st ...
The inflammasome pathway functions to regulate caspase-1 activation in response to a broad range of stimuli. Caspase-1 activation is required for the maturation of the pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines of the pro-IL-1beta family. In addition, caspase-1 ac ...
Detection of non-self RNA by TLRs within endosomes and by retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like helicases in the cytosol is central to mammalian antiviral immunity. In this study, we used pathway-specific agonists and targeted delivery to address RNA ...
Immunostimulatory RNA (isRNA) depending on sequence and structure can function as a ligand for Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 and TLR8. Here we show that isRNA induces high levels of bioactive interleukin-12 in purified human monocytes, whereas purified natura ...
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is an interleukin (IL)-7-like cytokine, mainly expressed by epithelial cells, and key to the development of allergic responses. The well-documented involvement of TSLP in allergy has led to the conviction that TSLP promo ...
The innate immune system senses nucleic acids by germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors. RNA is sensed by Toll-like receptor members TLR3, TLR7 and TLR8, or by the RNA helicases RIG-I (also known as DDX58) and MDA-5 (IFIH1). Little is known about s ...
