Demographic historyDemographic history is the reconstructed record of human population in the past. Given the lack of population records prior to the 1950s, there are many gaps in our record of demographic history. Historical demographers must make do with estimates, models and extrapolations. For the demographic methodology, see historical demography. World population estimates Estimating the ancestral population of anatomically modern humans, Colin McEvedy and Richard Jones chose bounds based on gorilla and chimpanzee population densities of 1/km2 and 3-4/km2, respectively, then assumed that as Homo erectus moved up the food chain, they lost an order of magnitude in density.
Droit de l'environnementvignette|redresse=1.4|Émissions annuelles de carbone par région du monde. Le droit de l'environnement concerne l'étude ou l'élaboration de règles juridiques visant la compréhension, la protection, l'utilisation, la gestion ou la restauration de l'environnement contre perturbation écologique sous toutes ses formes - terrestres, aquatiques et marines, naturelles et culturelles, voire non-terrestres (droit spatial). C'est un droit technique et complexe, local et global (européen, droit de la mer, international.
Recyclage textiledroite|redresse=1.3|vignette|alt=Photographie de bennes de collecte de vêteents.|Bennes de collecte de textiles à Betschdorf, en Alsace. Le recyclage des textiles recouvre les solutions de réutilisation matière des textiles. Dans le processus d'économie circulaire, c'est la troisième solution potentielle de mise en œuvre pour éviter l'incinération ou l'enfouissement, après le réemploi et la réparation. gauche|vignette|redresse=0.9|alt=Photographie ancienne en noir et blanc montrant des femmes découpant des tissus.
Disaster risk reductionDisaster risk reduction (DRR) sometimes called disaster risk management (DRM) is a systematic approach to identifying, assessing and reducing the risks of disaster. It aims to reduce socio-economic vulnerabilities to disaster as well as dealing with the environmental and other hazards that trigger them.
MeshA mesh is a barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible or ductile materials. A mesh is similar to a web or a net in that it has many attached or woven strands. A plastic mesh may be extruded, oriented, expanded, woven or tubular. It can be made from polypropylene, polyethylene, nylon, PVC or PTFE. A metal mesh may be woven, knitted, welded, expanded, sintered, photo-chemically etched or electroformed (screen filter) from steel or other metals.
AmateurUn amateur est une personne qui se livre à une activité en dehors de son cadre professionnel, généralement sans rémunération, et dont la motivation ressort essentiellement de la passion. Cette activité peut être artistique (peinture, photographie, musique, etc.), sportive (cyclisme, football, rugby, etc.), jardinage, etc. Répondant en partie à des prescriptions et des désirs mimétiques, les pratiques amateurs supposent également un engagement personnel que ne considère pas toujours une sociologie déterministe.
Source–sink dynamicsSource–sink dynamics is a theoretical model used by ecologists to describe how variation in habitat quality may affect the population growth or decline of organisms. Since quality is likely to vary among patches of habitat, it is important to consider how a low quality patch might affect a population. In this model, organisms occupy two patches of habitat. One patch, the source, is a high quality habitat that on average allows the population to increase.
Stylismevignette|Des hommes tirent des étagères de vêtements sur un trottoir très fréquenté du Garment District, à New York. Le stylisme ou la création de mode est un métier de la mode consistant à imaginer et dessiner des modèles destinés au prêt-à-porter. La personne exerçant ce métier est appelée un styliste ou créateur de mode. Le stylisme est un métier créatif. Il peut se faire avec des outils de dessin traditionnels, mais se fait de plus en plus avec l'aide d'outils informatiques.
Environmental qualityEnvironmental Quality is a set of properties and characteristics of the environment, either generalized or local, as they impinge on human beings and other organisms. It is a measure of the condition of an environment relative to the requirements of one or more species, any human need or purpose. Environmental quality includes the natural environment as well as the built environment, such as air, water purity or pollution, noise and the potential effects which such characteristics may have on physical and mental health.
Population modelA population model is a type of mathematical model that is applied to the study of population dynamics. Models allow a better understanding of how complex interactions and processes work. Modeling of dynamic interactions in nature can provide a manageable way of understanding how numbers change over time or in relation to each other. Many patterns can be noticed by using population modeling as a tool. Ecological population modeling is concerned with the changes in parameters such as population size and age distribution within a population.
