Sleep trackingSleep tracking is the process of monitoring a person's sleep, most commonly through measuring inactivity and movement. A device that tracks a person's sleep is called a sleep tracker. Devices capable of tracking a person's sleep include dedicated sleep trackers, trackers that clip onto a person's pillow, smartphones, fitness trackers, smartwatches, and other wearable devices. Some sleep trackers are capable of tracking the stages of a person's sleep (light sleep, deep sleep, REM sleep), the length/duration of a person's sleep, the quality of a person's sleep, and the consistency of a person's sleep.
SomnolenceSomnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia). It has distinct meanings and causes. It can refer to the usual state preceding falling asleep, the condition of being in a drowsy state due to circadian rhythm disorders, or a symptom of other health problems. It can be accompanied by lethargy, weakness and lack of mental agility. Somnolence is often viewed as a symptom rather than a disorder by itself.
Dépression saisonnièreLa dépression saisonnière, ou trouble affectif saisonnier (TAS), est un trouble de l'humeur caractérisé par des symptômes dépressifs survenant habituellement lors de changements saisonniers. Dans le DMS-5, le caractère saisonnier est un spécificateur pour décrire certaines sous-populations de patients atteints de troubles dépressifs majeurs récurrents ou d'un trouble bipolaire, lorsque les symptômes dépressifs présentent, à plusieurs reprises, un caractère saisonnier, généralement sous forme d'une survenue en automne-hiver, lorsque les heures d’ensoleillements diminuent, avec une amélioration lorsque la saison est terminée.
PhotothérapieLa photothérapie, en médecine, est un moyen de traitement à l'aide d'un rayonnement électromagnétique non ionisant, c'est-à-dire la lumière le plus souvent. On distingue la photothérapie simple, utilisée en ophtalmologie (exemple de la rétinopathie diabétique) ou en pédiatrie (exemple de l'ictère), et la photochimiothérapie, où un produit photosensibilisant est administré au patient avant exposition, utilisée en ophtalmologie (exemple de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge) ou en dermatologie (exemple du psoriasis avec la PUVA-thérapie).
HypersomnolenceExcessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is characterized by persistent sleepiness and often a general lack of energy, even during the day after apparently adequate or even prolonged nighttime sleep. EDS can be considered as a broad condition encompassing several sleep disorders where increased sleep is a symptom, or as a symptom of another underlying disorder like narcolepsy, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, sleep apnea or idiopathic hypersomnia.
Sleep and breathingWhen we sleep, our breathing changes due to normal biological processes that affect both our respiratory and muscular systems. Breathing changes as we transition from wakefulness to sleep. These changes arise due to biological changes in the processes that regulate our breathing. When we fall asleep, minute ventilation (the amount of air that we breathe per minute) reduces due to decreased metabolism. During NREM sleep, we move through three sleep stages, with each progressively deeper than the last.
Température corporelle humainevignette|La température corporelle est principalement ressentie au niveau de la tête. La température corporelle humaine est maintenue constante, l’être humain étant un organisme homéotherme. On considère généralement que la température basale usuelle du corps humain est de , cependant cette valeur dépend de l'endroit du corps où est faite la mesure, de l'instrument de mesure, de l'heure de la journée et du niveau d'activité de la personne. Une température corporelle normale se situe ainsi entre et .
Sleep medicineSleep medicine is a medical specialty or subspecialty devoted to the diagnosis and therapy of sleep disturbances and disorders. From the middle of the 20th century, research has provided increasing knowledge of, and answered many questions about, sleep–wake functioning. The rapidly evolving field has become a recognized medical subspecialty in some countries. Dental sleep medicine also qualifies for board certification in some countries. Properly organized, minimum 12-month, postgraduate training programs are still being defined in the United States.
CLOCKCLOCK (from circadian locomotor output cycles kaput) is a gene encoding a basic helix-loop-helix-PAS transcription factor that is known to affect both the persistence and period of circadian rhythms. Research shows that the gene plays a major role as an activator of downstream elements in the pathway critical to the generation of circadian rhythms. The CLOCK gene was first identified in 1997 by Joseph Takahashi and his colleagues.
