Plane (esotericism)In esoteric cosmology, a plane is conceived as a subtle state, level, or region of reality, each plane corresponding to some type, kind, or category of being. The concept may be found in religious and esoteric teachings—e.g. Vedanta (Advaita Vedanta), Ayyavazhi, shamanism, Hermeticism, Neoplatonism, Gnosticism, Kashmir Shaivism, Sant Mat/Surat Shabd Yoga, Sufism, Druze, Kabbalah, Theosophy, Anthroposophy, Rosicrucianism (Esoteric Christian), Eckankar, Ascended Master Teachings, etc.
Ecological validityIn the behavioral sciences, ecological validity is often used to refer to the judgment of whether a given study's variables and conclusions (often collected in lab) are sufficiently relevant to its population (e.g. the "real world" context). Psychological studies are usually conducted in laboratories though the goal of these studies is to understand human behavior in the real-world. Ideally, an experiment would have generalizable results that predict behavior outside of the lab, thus having more ecological validity.
Expérience naturelleUne expérience naturelle ou expérimentation naturelle est une expérience dans laquelle l'assignation aléatoire au traitement est provoquée par des causes naturelles et/ou politiques. On oppose ainsi les expériences naturelles aux expériences contrôlées dans laquelle l'assignation au traitement est aléatoirement déterminée pour les besoins de l'étude. Par exemple, David Card a utilisé l'exode de Mariel comme une expérience naturelle pour mesurer l'effet de l'immigration sur le marché du travail en Floride.
Expérience de mort imminentevignette|upright=1.2|L'Ascension vers l'empyrée de Jérôme Bosch est associée par les chercheurs sur l'expérience de mort imminente aux aspects de la vision du tunnel Expérience de mort imminente ou EMI (en anglais, imminent death experience ou IDE ou encore NDE, near death experience) est une expression désignant un ensemble de « visions » et de « sensations » exceptionnelles vécues par des individus confrontés à leur propre mort (mort clinique, coma avancé ou simple perception de leur mort imminente, que le danger soit réel ou simplement perçu comme tel).
Inclusion and exclusion criteriaIn a clinical trial, the investigators must specify inclusion and exclusion criteria for participation in the study. Inclusion and exclusion criteria define the characteristics that prospective subjects must have if they are to be included in a study. Although there is some unclarity concerning the distinction between the two, the ICH E3 guideline on reporting clinical studies suggests that Inclusion criteria concern properties of the target population, defining the population to which the study's results should be generalizable.
Monitoring in clinical trialsClinical monitoring is the oversight and administrative efforts that monitor a participant's health and efficacy of the treatment during a clinical trial. Both independent and government-run grant-funding agencies, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO), require data and safety monitoring protocols for Phase I and II clinical trials conforming to their standards. Safety monitoring of a clinical trial is conducted by an independent physician with relevant expertise.
Patient recruitmentPatient recruitment includes a variety of services—typically performed by a Patient Recruitment Service Provider—to increase enrollment into clinical trials. Presently, the patient recruitment industry is claimed to total $19 billion per year. Patient enrollment is the most time-consuming aspect of the clinical trial process. The leading cause of missed clinical trial deadlines is patient recruitment, taking up to 30 percent of the clinical timeline.
MEDLINEMEDLINE (de l'anglais Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online) est une base de données bibliographiques regroupant la littérature relative aux sciences biologiques et biomédicales. La base est gérée et mise à jour par la Bibliothèque américaine de médecine (NLM). Elle était consultable à distance dès 1972 (dès 1988 par Minitel). L'interface PubMed permet de consulter gratuitement la base de données à partir d'un navigateur World Wide Web.
Concurrent validityConcurrent validity is a type of evidence that can be gathered to defend the use of a test for predicting other outcomes. It is a parameter used in sociology, psychology, and other psychometric or behavioral sciences. Concurrent validity is demonstrated when a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been validated. The two measures may be for the same construct, but more often used for different, but presumably related, constructs. The two measures in the study are taken at the same time.
Homogeneity and heterogeneityHomogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts relating to the uniformity of a substance, process or image. A homogeneous feature is uniform in composition or character (i.e. color, shape, size, weight, height, distribution, texture, language, income, disease, temperature, radioactivity, architectural design, etc.); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities.
