Warrant (finance)Un warrant (ou bon d'option) est un certificat d’option titrisé, c'est-à-dire un produit structuré catégorisé en produit de bourse à effet de levier qui permet à l’investisseur d’amplifier les variations d’un actif à la hausse comme à la baisse tout en étant sensible à la volatilité et à la valeur temps. En d’autres termes, un warrant est un contrat transférable qui confère à son détenteur le droit, et non l’obligation, d’acheter ou de vendre une quantité donnée d’un actif spécifique, à un prix déterminé d’avance (le prix d’exercice ou strike), à la date d’échéance (ou maturité) du contrat (warrant européen) ou à tout moment jusqu’à cette date (warrant américain).
Expected lossExpected loss is the sum of the values of all possible losses, each multiplied by the probability of that loss occurring. In bank lending (homes, autos, credit cards, commercial lending, etc.) the expected loss on a loan varies over time for a number of reasons. Most loans are repaid over time and therefore have a declining outstanding amount to be repaid. Additionally, loans are typically backed up by pledged collateral whose value changes differently over time vs. the outstanding loan value.
Risk parityRisk parity (or risk premia parity) is an approach to investment management which focuses on allocation of risk, usually defined as volatility, rather than allocation of capital. The risk parity approach asserts that when asset allocations are adjusted (leveraged or deleveraged) to the same risk level, the risk parity portfolio can achieve a higher Sharpe ratio and can be more resistant to market downturns than the traditional portfolio.
Ajustement de valeur de créditL'ajustement de valeur de crédit ou CVA (de l'anglais Credit Valuation Adjustment) est une méthode de valorisation des produits dérivés financiers pour tenir compte des événements de crédit, dont le défaut fait partie. Le CVA est défini, au niveau d'un portefeuille ou d'un contrat, comme la différence entre la valorisation sans risque et la valorisation qui tient compte de la probabilité de défaut. Calculer le CVA sous-entend une modélisation du risque de défaut préalable.
Dirty priceThe price of a bond is the present value of its future cash-flows. To avoid the impact of the next coupon payment on the price of a bond, this cash flow is excluded from the price of the bond and is called the accrued interest. In finance, the dirty price is the price of a bond including any interest that has accrued since issue of the most recent coupon payment. This is to be compared with the clean price, which is the price of a bond excluding the accrued interest.
Position (finance)En finance, la position est la manifestation d'un investissement sur un marché, par un investisseur ou un trader et vis-à-vis d'une quantité d'un titre financier qui est soit détenue (ce qui constitue une position longue), soit empruntée (ce qui constitue une position courte). Une position est dite "ouverte" ou "en cours" lorsqu'une proposition de vente ou d'achat est faite sur le marché, tant qu'une transaction opposée ne vient pas la compenser. Lorsque la transaction opposée vient la compenser, on parle alors de liquidation de la position, ou débouclage.
Asset classesIn finance, an asset class is a group of financial instruments that have similar financial characteristics and behave similarly in the marketplace. We can often break these instruments into those having to do with real assets and those having to do with financial assets. Often, assets within the same asset class are subject to the same laws and regulations; however, this is not always true. For instance, futures on an asset are often considered part of the same asset class as the underlying instrument but are subject to different regulations than the underlying instrument.
Time horizonA time horizon, also known as a planning horizon, is a fixed point of time in the future at which point certain processes will be evaluated or assumed to end. It is necessary in an accounting, finance or risk management regime to assign such a fixed horizon time so that alternatives can be evaluated for performance over the same period of time. Although short term horizons such as end of day, end of week, end of month matter in accounting, generally it is mere summing-up and the simplest mark to market processes that take place at these short term horizons.
Dividend policyDividend policy is concerned with financial policies regarding paying cash dividend in the present or paying an increased dividend at a later stage. Whether to issue dividends, and what amount, is determined mainly on the basis of the company's unappropriated profit (excess cash) and influenced by the company's long-term earning power. When cash surplus exists and is not needed by the firm, then management is expected to pay out some or all of those surplus earnings in the form of cash dividends or to repurchase the company's stock through a share buyback program.
Clean priceIn finance, the clean price is the price of a bond excluding any interest accrued since bond's issuance and the most recent coupon payment. Comparatively, the dirty price is the price of a bond including the accrued interest. Therefore, Clean Price = Dirty Price − Accrued Interest In Bloomberg Terminal or Reuters, bond prices are quoted using the clean price. Traders tend to think of bonds in terms of their clean prices. Clean prices are more stable over time than dirty prices.
