Glassy carbonGlass-like carbon, often called glassy carbon or vitreous carbon, is a non-graphitizing, or nongraphitizable, carbon which combines glassy and ceramic properties with those of graphite. The most important properties are high temperature resistance, hardness (7 Mohs), low density, low electrical resistance, low friction, low thermal resistance, extreme resistance to chemical attack, and impermeability to gases and liquids. Glassy carbon is widely used as an electrode material in electrochemistry, for high-temperature crucibles, and as a component of some prosthetic devices.
NanolithographyNanolithography (NL) is a growing field of techniques within nanotechnology dealing with the engineering (patterning e.g. etching, depositing, writing, printing etc) of nanometer-scale structures on various materials. The modern term reflects on a design of structures built in range of 10−9 to 10−6 meters, i.e. nanometer scale. Essentially, the field is a derivative of lithography, only covering very small structures. All NL methods can be categorized into four groups: photo lithography, scanning lithography, soft lithography and other miscellaneous techniques.
NanomédecineLa nanomédecine est l'application médicale de la nanotechnologie et de la recherche apparentée. Elle couvre les domaines de l'administration de médicaments sous forme de nanoparticules et les possibles applications futures de la nanotechnologie moléculaire (MNT). L'idée de l'utilisation de nanomédicaments est de modifier la distribution de la molécule active dans l'organisme, ce faisant il est alors théoriquement possible d'accumuler la molécule active sur ses sites d'actions pharmacologiques et de l'éloigner des sites sur lesquels elle pourrait avoir des effets non désirés ou effets secondaires.
NanobiotechnologieLes nanobiotechnologies sont l'application des nanotechnologies à la biologie et aux sciences de la vie. Les nanobiotechnologies sont un sous-ensemble des nanotechnologies, dont elles partagent l'historique, les approches (bottom-down versus top-down) et les questions éthiques liées aux risques dans un contexte de grande incertitude. Puce à ADN Une puce à ADN est un ensemble de molécules d'ADN fixées en rangées ordonnées sur une petite surface qui peut être du verre, du silicium ou du plastique.
Dip-pen nanolithographyDip pen nanolithography (DPN) is a scanning probe lithography technique where an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip is used to create patterns directly on a range of substances with a variety of inks. A common example of this technique is exemplified by the use of alkane thiolates to imprint onto a gold surface. This technique allows surface patterning on scales of under 100 nanometers.
Kelvin probe force microscopeKelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), also known as surface potential microscopy, is a noncontact variant of atomic force microscopy (AFM). By raster scanning in the x,y plane the work function of the sample can be locally mapped for correlation with sample features. When there is little or no magnification, this approach can be described as using a scanning Kelvin probe (SKP). These techniques are predominantly used to measure corrosion and coatings. With KPFM, the work function of surfaces can be observed at atomic or molecular scales.
Transmission electron cryomicroscopyTransmission electron cryomicroscopy (CryoTEM), commonly known as cryo-EM, is a form of cryogenic electron microscopy, more specifically a type of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where the sample is studied at cryogenic temperatures (generally liquid-nitrogen temperatures). Cryo-EM is gaining popularity in structural biology. The utility of transmission electron cryomicroscopy stems from the fact that it allows the observation of specimens that have not been stained or fixed in any way, showing them in their native environment.
MacrocycleUn macrocycle est une macromolécule cyclique ou partie cyclique macromoléculaire d'une macromolécule. Cependant, le terme macrocycle est aussi utilisé pour désigner des molécules à grands cycles qui ne répondent pas aux critères de définition des macromolécules. Ainsi, en chimie non macromoléculaire, un macrocycle est une molécule organique avec une grande structure cyclique, habituellement contenant au moins 15 atomes. Par exemple, les porphyrines sont des macrocycles.
Nano-argentvignette|Nanoparticules d'argent, vues au microscope électronique. Le est un nanomatériau à base d'atomes d'argent, produit sous forme de nanoparticules par des nanotechnologies. En solution, il porte le nom d'. En 2008, selon les producteurs, environ /an de nano-argent auraient déjà été produites dans le monde, sous forme d'ions argent, de particules d’argent protéinées (silver proteins) ou de colloïdes utilisés comme biocide.
Iron oxide nanoparticleIron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are composed of magnetite () and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although cobalt and nickel are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized) including molecular imaging.
