IsométrieEn géométrie, une isométrie est une transformation, qui conserve les longueurs et les mesures d’angles, délimités par deux demi‐droites ou bien deux demi‐plans. Autrement dit, une isométrie est une similitude particulière, qui reproduit n’importe quelle figure à l’échelle 1. Ce rapport 1 de longueurs s’appelle le rapport de la similitude. Comme une similitude, une isométrie dite directe conserve l’orientation des figures, tandis qu’une isométrie indirecte inverse leur orientation.
Point groups in two dimensionsIn geometry, a two-dimensional point group or rosette group is a group of geometric symmetries (isometries) that keep at least one point fixed in a plane. Every such group is a subgroup of the orthogonal group O(2), including O(2) itself. Its elements are rotations and reflections, and every such group containing only rotations is a subgroup of the special orthogonal group SO(2), including SO(2) itself. That group is isomorphic to R/Z and the first unitary group, U(1), a group also known as the circle group.
Rigid transformationIn mathematics, a rigid transformation (also called Euclidean transformation or Euclidean isometry) is a geometric transformation of a Euclidean space that preserves the Euclidean distance between every pair of points. The rigid transformations include rotations, translations, reflections, or any sequence of these. Reflections are sometimes excluded from the definition of a rigid transformation by requiring that the transformation also preserve the handedness of objects in the Euclidean space.
