Carte perforéeUne carte perforée est un morceau de papier rigide dont la surface peut être lue par un dispositif repérant la présence ou l'absence de trou à certains endroits et transmettant cette information à une unité de traitement. Certaines machines demandent que les cartes soient reliées entre elles. Les premières cartes perforées ont fait leur apparition au dans divers automates et en particulier les métiers à tisser, les orgues de Barbarie et les pianos mécaniques.
Data at restData at rest in information technology means data that is housed physically on computer data storage in any digital form (e.g. cloud storage, s, databases, data warehouses, spreadsheets, archives, tapes, off-site or cloud backups, mobile devices etc.). Data at rest includes both structured and unstructured data. This type of data is subject to threats from hackers and other malicious threats to gain access to the data digitally or physical theft of the data storage media.
Solid-state storageSolid-state storage (SSS) is a type of non-volatile computer storage that stores and retrieves digital information using only electronic circuits, without any involvement of moving mechanical parts. This differs fundamentally from the traditional electromechanical storage, which records data using rotating or linearly moving media coated with magnetic material. Solid-state storage devices typically store data using electrically-programmable non-volatile flash memory, however some devices use battery-backed volatile random-access memory (RAM).
Data stripingIn computer data storage, data striping is the technique of segmenting logically sequential data, such as a file, so that consecutive segments are stored on different physical storage devices. Striping is useful when a processing device requests data more quickly than a single storage device can provide it. By spreading segments across multiple devices which can be accessed concurrently, total data throughput is increased. It is also a useful method for balancing I/O load across an array of disks.
RAID (informatique)thumb|Schéma de principe d'une grappe de disques en RAID 5 Le RAID est un ensemble de techniques de virtualisation du stockage permettant de répartir des données sur plusieurs disques durs afin d'améliorer soit les performances, soit la sécurité ou la tolérance aux pannes de l'ensemble du ou des systèmes. L'acronyme RAID a été défini en 1987 par l'Université de Berkeley (Californie), dans un article nommé A Case for Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID), soit « regroupement redondant de disques peu onéreux ».
Hard disk drive failureA hard disk drive failure occurs when a hard disk drive malfunctions and the stored information cannot be accessed with a properly configured computer. A hard disk failure may occur in the course of normal operation, or due to an external factor such as exposure to fire or water or high magnetic fields, or suffering a sharp impact or environmental contamination, which can lead to a head crash. The stored information on a hard drive may also be rendered inaccessible as a result of data corruption, disruption or destruction of the hard drive's master boot record, or by malware deliberately destroying the disk's contents.
Tête inductiveLa tête inductive est l'un des trois types de têtes de lecture existant sur les disques durs. Pour exécuter les fonctions de lecture et d'écriture, le système à tête inductive n'est constitué que d'un seul électroaimant. Lorsqu'une zone magnétique, grâce à la rotation du disque, passe à proximité de l'électroaimant, il se forme un courant électrique dans le bobinage. Ce courant est détecté et permet de savoir quelles sont les informations enregistrées sur le disque.
Partition typeThe partition type (or partition ID) in a partition's entry in the partition table inside a master boot record (MBR) is a byte value intended to specify the the partition contains or to flag special access methods used to access these partitions (e.g. special CHS mappings, LBA access, logical mapped geometries, special driver access, hidden partitions, secured or encrypted file systems, etc.). Lists of assigned partition types to be used in the partition table in the MBR were originally maintained by IBM and Microsoft internally.
Standard RAID levelsIn computer storage, the standard RAID levels comprise a basic set of RAID ("redundant array of independent disks" or "redundant array of inexpensive disks") configurations that employ the techniques of striping, mirroring, or parity to create large reliable data stores from multiple general-purpose computer hard disk drives (HDDs). The most common types are RAID 0 (striping), RAID 1 (mirroring) and its variants, RAID 5 (distributed parity), and RAID 6 (dual parity).
Resistive random-access memoryResistive random-access memory (RRAM ou ReRAM) est un type de mémoire non volatile en cours de développement par différentes entreprises, dont certaines en ont breveté des versions (par exemple Sharp Laboratories of America pour le brevet US 6531371 en , Samsung Electronics pour le brevet US 7292469 en , et Micron Technology, Spansion, Macronix International, Winbond Electronics, Unity Semiconductor entre ces deux dates). La technologie comporte quelques similitudes à CBRAM et à PRAM (Phase-Change Random Access Memory).