Subbase (pavement)In highway engineering, subbase is the layer of aggregate material laid on the subgrade, on which the base course layer is located. It may be omitted when there will be only foot traffic on the pavement, but it is necessary for surfaces used by vehicles. Subbase is often the main load-bearing layer of the pavement. Its role is to spread the load evenly over the subgrade. The materials used may be either unbound granular, or cement-bound.
Base courseThe base course or basecourse in pavements is a layer of material in an asphalt roadway, race track, riding arena, or sporting field. It is located under the surface layer consisting of the wearing course and sometimes an extra binder course. If there is a sub-base course, the base course is constructed directly above this layer. Otherwise, it is built directly on top of the subgrade. Typical base course thickness ranges from and is governed by underlying layer properties.
Couche de formeLa couche de forme est une couche particulière de la chaussée située entre la Partie Supérieure du Terrassement (PST) et la couche d'assise. Elle permet notamment d'adapter les caractéristiques aléatoires et dispersées des matériaux qui constituent la PST (en remblai ou en du terrain en place) aux caractéristiques mécaniques, géométriques, hydrauliques et thermiques prises comme hypothèses dans la conception de la structure de chaussée.
Land-use forecastingLand-use forecasting undertakes to project the distribution and intensity of trip generating activities in the urban area. In practice, land-use models are demand-driven, using as inputs the aggregate information on growth produced by an aggregate economic forecasting activity. Land-use estimates are inputs to the transportation planning process. The discussion of land-use forecasting to follow begins with a review of the Chicago Area Transportation Study (CATS) effort.
Traffic engineering (transportation)Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods on roadways. It focuses mainly on research for safe and efficient traffic flow, such as road geometry, sidewalks and crosswalks, cycling infrastructure, traffic signs, road surface markings and traffic lights. Traffic engineering deals with the functional part of transportation system, except the infrastructures provided.
Aire de repos et de service autoroutièrevignette|upright|Une aire de services le long d'une autoroute allemande 13, à Freienhufen (Brandebourg). Une aire d'autoroute ou halte routière au Québec est une série d'infrastructures implantées en bordure d'autoroute (et de plus en plus souvent sur certaines routes nationales) semblables à de simples parkings concernant les aires de repos, généralement équipées de toilettes et de tables de pique-nique avec parfois un espace de jeux pour enfants.
Glissière de sécuritéUne glissière de sécurité, parfois appelée « rail de sécurité » ou « garde-fou » (ou encore « bertrame » en Suisse), est une barrière métallique, en béton, ou en bois, disposée le long d'une voie de circulation routière pour amoindrir la gravité des accidents, en évitant notamment les sorties de route. La glissière est rigide (béton) ou déformable (métallique, et, plus rarement, faite de câbles) pour, en cas d'accident, amortir le choc et ne pas renvoyer le véhicule dans le sens inverse (sur une route à double voie) et pour qu'il ne rebondisse pas vers la voie de gauche sur les autoroutes.
Glossary of road transport termsTerminology related to road transport—the transport of passengers or goods on paved (or otherwise improved) routes between places—is diverse, with variation between dialects of English. There may also be regional differences within a single country, and some terms differ based on the side of the road traffic drives on. This glossary is an alphabetical listing of road transport terms. 2+1 road A specific category of three-lane road, consisting of two lanes in one direction and one lane in the other, alternating every few kilometres, and separated usually with a steel cable barrier.
Toll roadA toll road, also known as a turnpike or tollway, is a public or private road (almost always a controlled-access highway in the present day) for which a fee (or toll) is assessed for passage. It is a form of road pricing typically implemented to help recoup the costs of road construction and maintenance. Toll roads have existed in some form since antiquity, with tolls levied on passing travelers on foot, wagon, or horseback; a practice that continued with the automobile, and many modern tollways charge fees for motor vehicles exclusively.
Parkway (Nouvelle-Zélande)A parkway is a landscaped thoroughfare. The term is particularly used for a roadway in a park or connecting to a park from which trucks and other heavy vehicles are excluded. Over the years, many different types of roads have been labeled parkways. The term may be used to describe city streets as narrow as two lanes with a landscaped median, wide landscaped setbacks, or both. The term has also been applied to scenic highways and to limited-access roads more generally.
