President of Indonesia

The president of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Indonesia. The president leads the executive branch of the Indonesian government and is the commander-in-chief of the Indonesian National Armed Forces. Since 2004, the president and vice president are directly elected to a five-year term, once renewable, allowing for a maximum of 10 years in office. Joko Widodo is the seventh and current president of Indonesia. He assumed office on 20 October 2014. The Indonesian presidency was established during the formulation of the 1945 Constitution by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). The office was first filled on 18 August 1945 when Sukarno was elected by acclamation by the Preparatory Committee for Indonesian Independence (PPKI) because according to the Transitional Provisions of the Constitution, "the President and the Vice President for the first time shall be elected by the PPKI." Also, the body responsible for the presidential elections, the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR), had not yet been formed. On 16 October 1945, Vice President Mohammad Hatta announced a vice-presidential decree which gave the Central National Committee of Indonesia (KNIP) legislative powers. On 11 November 1945, the KNIP made the decision to separate the role of Head of State from that of Head of Government. Although a new constitution had not been set up yet, Indonesia was now a de facto parliamentary democracy with the president as a ceremonial Head of State whose function was to ask the prime minister as the Head of the Government to form a new Cabinet. During the Indonesian National Revolution, both Sukarno and Hatta were captured by the Dutch in Yogyakarta on 18 December 1948. Sukarno then gave a mandate for Sjafruddin Prawiranegara to form an emergency government. This was done and the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PDRI) was formed in Sumatra with Prawiranegara as its chairman.

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Concepts associés (18)

Constitution de l'Indonésie

La constitution de l'Indonésie (Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 ou UUD '45, « loi de base de l'État de la république d'Indonésie ») est la loi fondamentale de l'État indonésien. Elle fut rédigée de juin à août 1945 alors que le pays était encore sous occupation japonaise à la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Elle fut abrogée par la constitution fédérale de 1949 puis par la constitution provisoire de 1950, mais fut restaurée à la suite du décret présidentiel du 5 juillet 1959.

Massacres de 1965-1966 en Indonésie

Les massacres de 1965 en Indonésie sont la répression déclenchée contre le Parti communiste indonésien (PKI) et ses sympathisants par les milices du Nahdlatul Ulama (parti musulman) et du Parti national indonésien, encadrées par les forces armées indonésiennes. Le massacre des communistes indonésiens, jusque-là alliés au président Soekarno, intervient au terme de graves tensions politiques qui avaient fait craindre un basculement de l'Indonésie dans le camp communiste.