Consolidation comptableLa consolidation comptable consiste à établir les états financiers d'un groupe de sociétés, pour publication mais aussi pour ses besoins internes. Elle agrège pour cela les comptabilités de chacune des sociétés qui composent ce groupe et opère des retraitements afin de faire comme s'il ne s'agissait que d'une entité unique. Le mot « consolidation » est ici un anglicisme dérivé de to consolidate, qui signifie « grouper ».
Hire purchaseA hire purchase (HP), also known as an installment plan, is an arrangement whereby a customer agrees to a contract to acquire an asset by paying an initial installment (e.g., 40% of the total) and repaying the balance of the price of the asset plus interest over a period of time. Other analogous practices are described as closed-end leasing or rent to own. The hire purchase agreement was developed in the United Kingdom in the 19th century to allow customers with a cash shortage to make an expensive purchase they otherwise would have to delay or forgo.
Comptabilité en partie doubleLa comptabilité par partie double est un système de comptabilité utilisé par toutes les entreprises et organisations de taille significative. Elle se distingue de la comptabilité dite « en partie simple » (dans laquelle on enregistre seulement le montant d'une opération), en ce qu'elle enregistre d'une part l'origine des fonds, d'autre part leur destination. Dans une opération il y a donc un ou plusieurs comptes « crédités », et un ou plusieurs comptes « débités », la somme des premiers devant être égale à la somme des seconds.
Common stockCommon stock is a form of corporate equity ownership, a type of security. The terms voting share and ordinary share are also used frequently outside of the United States. They are known as equity shares or ordinary shares in the UK and other Commonwealth realms. This type of share gives the stockholder the right to share in the profits of the company, and to vote on matters of corporate policy and the composition of the members of the board of directors.
Debt-to-equity ratioThe debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) is a financial ratio indicating the relative proportion of shareholders' equity and debt used to finance a company's assets. Closely related to leveraging, the ratio is also known as risk, gearing or leverage. The two components are often taken from the firm's balance sheet or statement of financial position (so-called book value), but the ratio may also be calculated using market values for both, if the company's debt and equity are publicly traded, or using a combination of book value for debt and market value for equity financially.
Valeur nette comptableIn accounting, book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. For assets, the value is based on the original cost of the asset less any depreciation, amortization or impairment costs made against the asset. Traditionally, a company's book value is its minus intangible assets and liabilities. However, in practice, depending on the source of the calculation, book value may variably include goodwill, intangible assets, or both.
Capital assetA capital asset is defined as property of any kind held by an assessee, whether connected with their business or profession or not connected with their business or profession. It includes all kinds of property, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, fixed or circulating. Thus, land and building, plant and machinery, motorcar, furniture, jewellery, route permits, goodwill, tenancy rights, patents, trademarks, shares, debentures, securities, units, mutual funds, zero-coupon bonds etc. are capital assets.
AccrualIn finance, an accrual (accumulation) of something is the adding together of interest or different investments over a period of time. For example, a company delivers a product to a customer who will pay for it 30 days later in the next fiscal year, which starts a week after the delivery. The company recognizes the proceeds as a revenue in its current income statement still for the fiscal year of the delivery, even though it will not get paid until the following accounting period.
