Eugene Wigner

Résumé

Eugene Paul Wigner (en hongrois Wigner Jenő Pál, prononcé ; – ) est un physicien théoricien hongrois naturalisé américain. En 1963, Wigner, Maria Goeppert-Mayer et Hans Daniel Jensen partagèrent le prix Nobel de physique pour leur travail sur l'explication de la structure du noyau atomique et son développement de la théorie de mécanique quantique concernant la nature du proton et du neutron. Biographie vignette|gauche|Werner Heisenberg et Eugene Wigner en 1928. Jenő Pál Wigner est issu d'une famille juive de la classe moyenne et fréquenta avec John von Neumann, de 1915 à 1919, le lycée luthérien classique (Fasori Evangélikus Gimnázium) de Budapest. Il étudia ensuite le génie chimique et passa son diplôme d'ingénieur en 1925 à l’Université technique de Berlin sous la direction de Michael Polanyi avec un mémoire consacré à « la formation et la dissociation des molécules – mécanique statistique et vitesse de réaction ». Il y fit la connaissance

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Wigner

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Recent progress in understanding thermal transport in complex crystals has highlighted the prominent role of heat conduction mediated by interband tunneling processes, which emerge between overlapping phonon bands (i.e., with energy differences smaller than their broadenings). These processes have recently been described in different ways, relying on the Wigner or Green-Kubo formalism, leading to apparently different results, which question the definition of the heat-current operator. Here, we implement a full quantum approach based on the Kubo formula, elucidating analogies and differences with the recently introduced Wigner or Green-Kubo formulations, and extending the description of thermal transport to the overdamped regime of atomic vibrations, where the phonon quasiparticle picture breaks down. We rely on first-principles calculations on complex crystals with ultralow conductivity to compare numerically the thermal conductivity obtained within the aforementioned approaches, showing that at least in the quasiparticle regime the differences are negligible for practical applica-tions.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2022

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We investigate the behavior of two coupled nonlinear photonic cavities, in the presence of inhomogeneous coherent driving and local dissipations. By solving numerically the quantum master equation, either by diagonalizing the Liouvillian superoperator or by using the approximated truncated Wigner approach, we extrapolate the properties of the system in a thermodynamic limit of large photon occupation. When the mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation predicts a unique parametrically unstable steady-state solution, the open quantum many-body system presents highly nonclassical properties and its dynamics exhibits the long-lived Josephson-like oscillations typical of dissipative time crystals, as indicated by the presence of purely imaginary eigenvalues in the spectrum of the Liouvillian superoperator in the thermodynamic limit.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2020

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Evidence for a Peierls phase-transition in a three-dimensional multiple charge-density waves solid

Fabrizio Carbone, Majed Chergui, Mathieu Julien Gino Cottet, Thomas James Penfold

The effect of dimensionality on materials properties has become strikingly evident with the recent discovery of graphene. Charge ordering phenomena can be induced in one dimension by periodic distortions of a material's crystal structure, termed Peierls ordering transition. Charge-density waves can also be induced in solids by strong coulomb repulsion between carriers, and at the extreme limit, Wigner predicted that crystallization itself can be induced in an electrons gas in free space close to the absolute zero of temperature. Similar phenomena are observed also in higher dimensions, but the microscopic description of the corresponding phase transition is often controversial, and remains an open field of research for fundamental physics. Here, we photoinduce the melting of the charge ordering in a complex three-dimensional solid and monitor the consequent charge redistribution by probing the optical response over a broad spectral range with ultrashort laser pulses. Although the photoinduced electronic temperature far exceeds the critical value, the charge-density wave is preserved until the lattice is sufficiently distorted to induce the phase transition. Combining this result with ab initio electronic structure calculations, we identified the Peierls origin of multiple charge-density waves in a three-dimensional system for the first time.

2012

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