Intention (criminal law)In criminal law, intent is a subjective state of mind (mens rea) that must accompany the acts of certain crimes to constitute a violation. A more formal, generally synonymous legal term is scienter: intent or knowledge of wrongdoing. Intent is defined in English law by the ruling in R v Mohan [1976] QB 1 as "the decision to bring about a prohibited consequence" (malum prohibitum). A range of words represents shades of intent in criminal laws around the world.
English criminal lawEnglish criminal law concerns offences, their prevention and the consequences, in England and Wales. Criminal conduct is considered to be a wrong against the whole of a community, rather than just the private individuals affected. The state, in addition to certain international organisations, has responsibility for crime prevention, for bringing the culprits to justice, and for dealing with convicted offenders.
AttemptAn attempt to commit a crime occurs if a criminal has an intent to commit a crime and takes a substantial step toward completing the crime, but for reasons not intended by the criminal, the final resulting crime does not occur. Attempt to commit a particular crime is a crime, usually considered to be of the same or lesser gravity as the particular crime attempted. Attempt is a type of inchoate crime, a crime that is not fully developed. The crime of attempt has two elements, intent and some conduct toward completion of the crime.
Droit pénalvignette|Le Old Bailey à Londres (en 1808) où a eu lieu plus de procès criminels entre 1674 et 1834. Le droit pénal, ou droit criminel, est une branche du droit qui réprime des comportements antisociaux et prévoit la réaction de la société envers ces comportements. La réponse pénale prend le plus souvent la forme d'une peine. Le droit pénal concerne ainsi le rapport entre la société et l'individu.
Traîtrisethumb|La mort de Jules César, un exemple classique d'assassinat par traîtrise. La traîtrise ou traitrise est une circonstance aggravante de la responsabilité criminelle, généralement remarquée aux délits contre les personnes. On peut trouver son origine dans l'ordre juridique français (guet-apens), italien (meurtre pour aguato) et espagnol (alevosía).
Grievous bodily harmAssault occasioning grievous bodily harm (often abbreviated to GBH) is a term used in English criminal law to describe the severest forms of battery. It refers to two offences that are created by sections 18 and 20 of the Offences against the Person Act 1861. The distinction between these two sections is the requirement of specific intent for section 18; the offence under section 18 is variously referred to as "wounding with intent" or "causing grievous bodily harm with intent", whereas the offence under section 20 is variously referred to as "unlawful wounding", "malicious wounding" or "inflicting grievous bodily harm".
Mens reaMens rea, du latin mens (esprit, pensée, disposition d’esprit) et reus-rea (accusé(e), mis(e) en cause), est une locution juridique signifiant la culpabilité morale ou l'esprit criminel. La culpabilité morale d'un individu est un élément essentiel d'un crime dans les juridictions de common law. Le test de la responsabilité criminelle d'un individu est exprimé par la phrase latine : « Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea », ce qui signifie que l'acte de culpabilité ne rend pas un individu criminel à moins que l'esprit de cet individu soit aussi coupable.
