Les styles d’apprentissage constituent une gamme de théories concurrentes et contestées qui, à partir d’un concept commun selon lequel les apprenants diffèreraient dans la façon d’acquérir leur connaissances, vise à tenir compte desdites différences d’acquisition supposées chez les apprenants. Bien que ces diverses théories divergent dans leurs vues sur la façon dont lesdits styles doivent être définis et classés, ces théories suggèrent que tous les apprenants pourraient être étiquetés en fonction d’un « style » d’apprentissage particulier comme « visuel », « auditif », « kinesthésique », « tactile », etc.
Inquiry-based learning (also spelled as enquiry-based learning in British English) is a form of active learning that starts by posing questions, problems or scenarios. It contrasts with traditional education, which generally relies on the teacher presenting facts and their knowledge about the subject. Inquiry-based learning is often assisted by a facilitator rather than a lecturer. Inquirers will identify and research issues and questions to develop knowledge or solutions.
Learning theory describes how students receive, process, and retain knowledge during learning. Cognitive, emotional, and environmental influences, as well as prior experience, all play a part in how understanding, or a worldview, is acquired or changed and knowledge and skills retained. Behaviorists look at learning as an aspect of conditioning and advocate a system of rewards and targets in education.
Le constructivisme social (parfois nommé constructionnisme social ou socioconstructivisme) est un courant de la sociologie contemporaine popularisé par Peter L. Berger et Thomas Luckmann dans leur livre The Social Construction of Reality (1966) qui développent des arguments théorisés auparavant par Émile Durkheim s'appuyant eux-mêmes sur une tradition philosophique plus ancienne. Cette approche, à l'instar de la conception constructiviste développée en épistémologie, envisage la réalité sociale et les phénomènes sociaux comme étant « construits », c'est-à-dire créés, institutionnalisés et, par la suite, transformés en traditions.
La philosophie de l'éducation s'attache à comprendre la nature et les enjeux philosophiques de l'éducation, ainsi que ses implications sur le plan individuel et collectif. Elle soulève notamment des questions axiologiques (place de l’autorité) et politiques (formation du citoyen). La démarche philosophique est avant tout une démarche réflexive et conceptuelle.
La taxonomie de Bloom est un modèle de la pédagogie proposant une classification des niveaux d'acquisition des compétences. Benjamin Bloom, bien qu'il n'en soit pas le seul créateur (34 universitaires américains participent aux conférences de 1949 à 1953), est souvent reconnu comme le « père » de cet outil. La taxonomie organise l'information de façon hiérarchique, de la simple restitution de faits jusqu'à la manipulation complexe des concepts, qui est souvent mise en œuvre par les facultés cognitives dites supérieures.
Instructional scaffolding is the support given to a student by an instructor throughout the learning process. This support is specifically tailored to each student; this instructional approach allows students to experience student-centered learning, which tends to facilitate more efficient learning than teacher-centered learning. This learning process promotes a deeper level of learning than many other common teaching strategies. Instructional scaffolding provides sufficient support to promote learning when concepts and skills are being first introduced to students.
Situated learning is a theory that explains an individual's acquisition of professional skills and includes research on apprenticeship into how legitimate peripheral participation leads to membership in a community of practice. Situated learning "takes as its focus the relationship between learning and the social situation in which it occurs". The theory is distinguished from alternative views of learning which define learning as the acquisition of propositional knowledge.
Student-centered learning, also known as learner-centered education, broadly encompasses methods of teaching that shift the focus of instruction from the teacher to the student. In original usage, student-centered learning aims to develop learner autonomy and independence by putting responsibility for the learning path in the hands of students by imparting to them skills, and the basis on how to learn a specific subject and schemata required to measure up to the specific performance requirement.
Experiential learning (ExL) is the process of learning through experience, and is more narrowly defined as "learning through reflection on doing". Hands-on learning can be a form of experiential learning, but does not necessarily involve students reflecting on their product. Experiential learning is distinct from rote or didactic learning, in which the learner plays a comparatively passive role. It is related to, but not synonymous with, other forms of active learning such as action learning, adventure learning, free-choice learning, cooperative learning, service-learning, and situated learning.
