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Concepts associés (55)
Unilineality
Unilineality is a system of determining descent groups in which one belongs to one's father's or mother's line, whereby one's descent is traced either exclusively through male ancestors (patriline), or exclusively through female ancestors (matriline). Both patrilineality and matrilineality are types of unilineal descent. The main types of the unilineal descent groups are lineages and clans. A lineage is a unilineal descent group that can demonstrate their common descent from a known apical ancestor.
Père
Au sens littéral, le substantif père fait référence à la paternité : c'est le parent, biologique ou social, de genre masculin d'un enfant. L'équivalent pour désigner un parent de genre féminin est la mère. À l'époque romaine : quand un enfant naissait, on le posait sur le sol ; si le père ne le prenait pas dans ses bras, cela signifiait qu'il ne le reconnaissait pas comme son fils légitime. En français, le mot papa, qui résulte d'une formation enfantine par redoublement vient du latin pappus qui veut dire aïeul.
Omaha kinship
Omaha kinship is the system of terms and relationships used to define family in Omaha tribal culture. Identified by Lewis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Omaha system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese) which he identified internationally. In function, the system is extremely similar to the Crow system. But, whereas Crow groups are matrilineal, Omaha descent groups are characteristically patrilineal.
Iroquois kinship
Iroquois kinship (also known as bifurcate merging) is a kinship system named after the Haudenosaunee people, also known as the Iroquois, whose kinship system was the first one described to use this particular type of system. Identified by Lewis Henry Morgan in his 1871 work Systems of Consanguinity and Affinity of the Human Family, the Iroquois system is one of the six major kinship systems (Eskimo, Hawaiian, Iroquois, Crow, Omaha, and Sudanese). The system has both classificatory and descriptive terms.
Mariage
vignette|Sculpture représentant un couple marié dans la Rome antique.vignette|Les Époux Arnolfini de Jan van Eyck.vignette|Mariage de Willem-Alexander et Máxima, 2002. Le mariage est une union conjugale contractuelle et/ou rituelle, à durée illimitée, déterminée ou indéterminée, reconnue et encadrée par une institution juridique ou religieuse qui en détermine les modalités. Le terme désigne à la fois la cérémonie rituelle, l'union qui en est issue et l'institution en définissant les règles.
Cohabitation
Cohabitation is an arrangement where people who are not married, usually couples, live together. They are often involved in a romantic or sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis. Such arrangements have become increasingly common in Western countries since the late 20th century, being led by changing social views, especially regarding marriage, gender roles and religion. More broadly, the term cohabitation can mean any number of people living together. To "cohabit", in a broad sense, means to "coexist".
Fictive kinship
Fictive kinship is a term used by anthropologists and ethnographers to describe forms of kinship or social ties that are based on neither consanguineal (blood ties) nor affinal ("by marriage") ties. It contrasts with true kinship ties. To the extent that consanguineal and affinal kinship ties might be considered real or true kinship, the term fictive kinship has in the past been used to refer to those kinship ties that are fictional, in the sense of not-real.
Courtship
Courtship is the period wherein some couples get to know each other prior to a possible marriage or committed romantic, de facto relationship. Courtship traditionally may begin after a betrothal and may conclude with the celebration of marriage. A courtship may be an informal and private matter between two people or may be a public affair, or a formal arrangement with family approval. Traditionally, in the case of a formal engagement, it is the role of a male to actively "court" or "woo" a female, thus encouraging her to understand him and her receptiveness to a marriage proposal.
Relation humaine
vignette|Relation humaine. Une relation humaine implique au moins deux êtres humains et est souvent décrite via des aspects différents, si l'on s'intéresse à la nature de la relation ou si l'on s'intéresse aux personnes en relation. Plusieurs disciplines universitaires travaillent à l'analyser. Certaines étudient régulièrement les questions que pose la société contemporaine : la psychologie, les sciences de la communication, la sociologie ; d'autres se placent dans la perspective de l'anthropologie, de la sémiotique ou allient les deux comme l'anthroposémiotique.
Droits de l'enfant
vignette|Deux enfants, sur l'île de Khong au Laos. Les droits de l’enfant sont une branche des droits de l'Homme visant la protection spécifique de l'enfant en tant qu’être humain à part entière. Ils sont l’objet de plusieurs traités nationaux et internationaux, dont le plus important est la Convention relative aux droits de l'enfant (CIDE), adoptée par l’Assemblée générale des Nations unies le 20 novembre 1989.