Toilettes publiques | EPFL Graph Search

A public toilet, restroom (American English), public bathroom or washroom is a room or small building with toilets (or urinals) and sinks for use by the general public. The facilities are available to customers, travelers, employees of a business, school pupils and prisoners and are commonly separated into male and female toilets, although some are unisex, especially for small or single-occupancy public toilets. Increasingly, public toilets are accessible to people with disabilities. Depending on the culture, there may be varying degrees of separation between males and females and different levels of privacy. Typically, the entire room, or a stall or cubicle containing a toilet, is lockable. Urinals, if present in a male toilet, are typically mounted on a wall with or without a divider between them. Local authorities or commercial businesses may provide public toilet facilities. Some are unattended while others are staffed by an attendant. In many cultures, it is customary to tip the attendant, especially if they provide a specific service, such as might be the case at upscale nightclubs or restaurants. Public toilets are typically found in many different places: inner-city locations, offices, factories, schools, universities and other places of work and study. Similarly, museums, cinemas, bars, restaurants, entertainment venues usually provide public toilets. Railway stations, filling stations, and long distance public transport vehicles such as trains, ferries, and planes usually provide toilets for general use. Portable toilets are often available at large outdoor events. Public toilets may be municipally owned or managed and entered directly from the street. Or they may be within a building that, while privately owned, allows public access, such as a department store, or it may be limited to the business's customers, such as a restaurant. Some public toilets are free of charge while others charge a fee. In the latter case they are also called pay toilets and sometimes have a charging turnstile.

Environmental determinants of access to shared sanitation in informal settlements: a cross-sectional study in Abidjan and Nairobi

Jérôme Chenal, Vitor Pessoa Colombo, Jürg Utzinger

Background Universal access to basic sanitation remains a global challenge, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Efforts are underway to improve access to sanitation in informal settlements, often through shared facilities. However, access to ...

2023

Là-haut. Un centre de retraite scientifique à Isérables (VS)

Mathieu Maréchal

«Pendant ces vingt minutes de marche en direction du massif du Mont Fort, les vallons ont rythmé mon ascension. Le chemin m’a fait traverser vergers, terrassements, fermes d’alpage et m’a dévoilé d’un seul coup un hameau perché sur la crête d’une énième saillie de la montagne.» Auxine Heimat En développant le thème de l’ascension en tant qu’approche architecturale, le but est d’intégrer au site les sensibilités de l’utilisateur liées à son parcours. Le projet se rattache à un ensemble existant de raccards au lieu-dit Le Cotayer, en bordure du village d’Isérables. Là-haut, il a pour objectif de donner une qualité nouvelle à un site qui se trouve actuellement en marge de la vie quotidienne afin de le reconnecter à un imaginaire collectif. Ce projet se veut lieu de rencontre entre les mondes de la plaine et de la montagne; il vise à offrir un cadre de travail et d’hébergement singulier pour scientifiques. Dans ce contexte, la question de la confrontation entre l’ancien et le nouveau se trouve au cœur de l’approche architecturale et le projet prend le parti de l’analogie pour sublimer l’expérience historique. Entre le socle en béton et les volumes boisés, l’ensemble construit est découvert à travers un parcours qui met en valeur relations, dégagements et perspectives. Alors, les nouvelles constructions participent, en dialogue avec les raccards, à la démarcation d’une ligne continue entre le minéral et le bois; une mise en exergue de l’effort nécessaire aux constructions en pente.

2018

Towards sustainable sanitation: Identifying and mitigating microbial health risks in the production of urine-derived fertilizers

Tamar Kohn, Simon Schindelholz, Timothy R. Julian

Sanitation systems that systematically recover and reuse waste can promote social enterprise, reduce discharge of harmful nutrients, pathogens and other contaminants to the environment, replace synthetic fertilizer sources, and increase access to sanitatio ...

2017