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Les glycolipides résultent de la liaison d'un simple hexose ou d'un oligosaccharide à une fonction hydroxyle appartenant soit au glycérol d'un diglycéride (glycéroglycolipide) soit à la sphingosine d'un céramide (sphingolipide). Les glycéroglycolipides appartiennent au règne végétal. Les glycosphingolipides sont rencontrés dans les membranes plasmiques des cellules animales . Notes et références Voir aussi Articles connexes

Glycoprotéine
Glycocalyx

Liens externes

Terminologie de glycolipides sur CISMeF.

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Selective Requirement for c-Myc at an Early Stage of V alpha 14i NKT Cell Development

Wei Jiang, Anne Wilson

V alpha 14 invariant (V alpha 14i) NKT cells are a subset of regulatory T cells that utilize a semi-invariant TCR to recognize glycolipids associated with monomorphic CD1d molecules. During development in the thymus, CD4(+)CD8(+) V alpha 14i NKT precursors recognizing endogenous CD1d-associated glycolipids on other CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes are selected to undergo a maturation program involving sequential expression of CD44 and NK-related markers such as NK1.1. The molecular requirements for V alpha 14i NKT cell maturation, particularly at early developmental stages, remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that CD4-Cre-mediated T cell-specific inactivation of c-Myc, a broadly expressed transcription factor with a wide range of biological activities, selectively impairs V alpha 14i NKT cell development without perturbing the development of conventional T cells. In the absence of c-Myc, V alpha 14i NKT cell precursors are blocked at an immature CD44(low)NK1.1(-) stage in a cell autonomous fashion. Residual c-Myc-deficient immature V alpha 14i NKT cells appear to proliferate normally, cannot be rescued by transgenic expression of BCL-2, and exhibit characteristic features of immature V alpha 14i NKT cells such as high levels of preformed IL-4 mRNA and the transcription factor promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger. Collectively our data identify c-Myc as a critical transcription factor that selectively acts early in V alpha 14i NKT cell development to promote progression beyond the CD44(low)NK1.1(-) precursor stage. The Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 4641-4648.

2009

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Influence of the growth substrate on ester-linked phospho- and glycolipid fatty acids of PAH-degrading Mycobacterium sp LB501T

The influences of poorly water-soluble anthracene on ester-linked phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and glycolipid fatty acid (GLFA) profiles of Mycobacterium sp. LB501T were studied. Bacteria were cultivated on either anthracene or glucose (one culture with successively amended small doses of this substrate and one with excess concentrations) to distinguish between influences of the chemical structure and the bioavailability of the growth substrate. Results revealed that GLFA and PLFA profiles of M . sp. LB501T depended on the availability and the structure of the carbon source. Fatty acid profiles obtained with anthracene differed from those obtained with excess glucose. They were interpreted as a specific adaptation to this poorly bioavailable polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). In contrast, profiles obtained with low glucose concentrations showed clear signs of starvation stress. Stable carbon isotopic ratios (delta(13) C) of GLFA and PLFA of M. sp. LB501T were analysed to characterize the (13) C-fractionation during the biosynthesis of individual fatty acids and to evaluate their value as markers for substrate usage. Although the delta(13) C values of PLFA and GLFA showed differential isotope fractionation during anthracene- and glucose-degradation, they were sufficiently distinct to be used as signatures of bacterial substrate usage.

Wiley-Blackwell2003

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Glycosphingolipid synthesis requires FAPP2 transfer of glucosylceramide

The molecular machinery responsible for the generation of transport carriers moving from the Golgi complex to the plasma membrane relies on a tight interplay between proteins and lipids. Among the lipid-binding proteins of this machinery, we previously identified the four-phosphate adaptor protein FAPP2, the pleckstrin homology domain of which binds phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and the small GTPase ARF1. FAPP2 also possesses a glycolipid-transfer-protein homology domain. Here we show that human FAPP2 is a glucosylceramide-transfer protein that has a pivotal role in the synthesis of complex glycosphingolipids, key structural and signalling components of the plasma membrane. The requirement for FAPP2 makes the whole glycosphingolipid synthetic pathway sensitive to regulation by phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and ARF1. Thus, by coupling the synthesis of glycosphingolipids with their export to the cell surface, FAPP2 emerges as crucial in determining the lipid identity and composition of the plasma membrane.

2007

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MSE-212: Biology for engineers

Le cours est une introduction aux sciences de la vie en tant que domaine pluridisciplinaire ayant de multiples connexions avec l'ingénierie des matériaux. Il permettra aux étudiants de trouver dans la biologie une inspiration lors des leur activités dans le domaine des matérieaux.

CH-210: Biochemistry

Les constituants biochimiques de l'organisme, protéines, glucides, lipides, à la lumière de l'évolution des concepts et des progrès en biologie moléculaire et génétique, sont étudiés.

PHYS-301: Biophysics : physics of the cell

In this course we will study the cell (minimum unit of life) and its components. We will study several key cellular features: Membranes, genomes, channels and receptors. We will apply the laws of physics to develop models to make quantitative and predictive statements.

Glucide

vignette|150px|Par exemple, le glucose est un glucide à six carbones, cinq groupes hydroxyle et un groupe aldéhyde. vignette|Les grains et céréales contiennent une grande quantité de glucides. Les gl

Sphingolipide

400px|vignette|droite|Structure générique d'un sphingolipide. Le groupe R peut être : - un atome d'hydrogène pour un céramide, - la phosphocholine pour une sphingomyéline,&nbsp

Membrane plasmique

La membrane plasmique, également appelée membrane cellulaire, membrane cytoplasmique, voire plasmalemme, est une membrane biologique séparant l'intérieur d'une cellule, appelé cytoplasme, de son envir