Exergie | EPFL Graph Search

En thermodynamique, l’exergie est une grandeur physique permettant de mesurer la qualité d'une énergie. C'est la partie utilisable d'un joule. Le travail maximal récupérable est ainsi égal à l’opposé de la variation d’exergie au cours de la transformation. Un système à l'équilibre thermomécanique ou chimique n'a plus aucune valeur. Plus un système est loin de l'équilibre ambiant, plus il est apte à opérer un changement, aptitude sur laquelle repose l'utilité d'une énergie. Si selon le premier principe de la thermodynamique la quantité d'énergie se conserve, la qualité de cette énergie, l’exergie, ne peut en revanche que diminuer lors d'une transformation. L’exergie détruite au cours d’une réaction est appelée anergie. Ce phénomène est lié à l’entropie du système et de son environnement, qui selon le deuxième principe de la thermodynamique ne peut qu’augmenter au cours d’une transformation réelle, non réversible, alors que l'exergie diminue au cours d’une telle transformation.

Determining The Potential Of Salinity Gradient Energy Source Using An Exergy Analysis

Arash Emdadi

Mixing of fresh (river) water and salty water (seawater or saline brine) in a control fashion would produces an electrical energy known as salinity gradient energy (SGE). Two main conversion technologies of SGE are membrane-based processes; pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) and reverse electrodialysis (RED). In PRO, semipermeable membranes placed between the two streams of solutions allow the transport of water from low-pressure diluted solution to high-pressure concentrated solution. RED requires two alternating semipermeable membranes that allow the diffusion of the ions but not the flow of H2O. Lifetime and power density of the semipermeable membrane are two main factors affecting on deployment of PRO and RED. Semipermeable membranes with lifetime greater than 10 years and power density higher than 5 W/m(2) would lead to faster development of this conversion technology. An exergy analysis of an SGE system of sea-river can be applied to calculate the maximum potential power for electricity generation. Seawater is taken as reference environment (global dead state) for calculating the exergy of water since the seawater is the final reservoir. Once the fresh water is mixed with water of the sea or lake it becomes unuseful for human, agricultural or industrial uses loses all its exergy. Aqueous sodium chloride solution model is used in this study to calculate the thermodynamic properties of seawater. This model does not consider seawater as an ideal model and provides accurate thermodynamics properties of sodium chloride solution. As a case study, exergy calculation of Iran's Urmia Lake- GadarChay River system. The chemical exergy analysis considers sodium chloride (NaCl) as main salt in the water of Lake Urmia. The sodium chloride concentration is more than 200 g/L in recent years. Based on the exergy results the potential power of this system is 329 MW. This results indicates a high potential for constructing power plant for salinity gradient energy conversion.

Amer Soc Mechanical Engineers2016

Enthalpy and exergy analysis in the framework of a district scale energy balance

Cédric Lambiel

This report presents a study of an enthalpy and exergy analysis in the framework of a district scale energy balance. Energy demand (heating, cooling and lighting) for buildings represents more than 30 % of the total worlds energy use. Main eﬀorts have been made on increasing performances of new building envelop and on the use of low temperature processes in order to increase the exergy eﬃciency. On a district scale, diﬀerent temperature and energy ﬂow levels are present, meaning a great potential to make use of synergetic eﬀects by rationally managing energy ﬂow interactions between buildings as synergies by enhanced energy management and the usability of waste heat source. An optimisation of exergy ﬂows for the heating systems allows to identify the temperatures levels according to the energy demand, which helps to implement the best choice of available technologies. A number of connection cases will be described and studied to show the potential gain in terms of thermal and economical performances, where the thermal performances are deﬁned by both the energy and the exergy eﬃciency. This study shows an improvement of the thermal performances of connection cases where in all scenarios the heat losses are lower than the waste heat recovery. These gains on thermal performances may increase further by the integration of appropriate technologies such as heat pumps. The use of primary resource like gas can also be decreased.

2012

APPLICATION OF EXERGY ANALYSIS IN ENERGY REQUIREMENT ASSAY OF THE TYPICAL PROCESS UNIT OPERATIONS

Amélie Courjon

This project proposes a method based on exergy analysis for considering energy efficiency problems. Because exergy is not a concept frequently used by industrials attention has been paid to go through what is exergy and how it can be so useful to enhance the use of available resources. A case study has been taken from a real plant from the chemical industry. A particular attention has been paid to the typical unit operations that are encountered in chemical plants. Unit operations of different types have been submitted to exergy analysis. In particular, the impact of operating conditions around each type of equipment has been highlighted. A systematic approach has been lead to identify new potentials for exergy recovery. Combined with pinch analysis the exergy approach has proved a very powerful tool to enhance exergy recovery between process streams. 58% of the process internal exergy losses have been recovered while Aspen tool for column thermal targeting analysis helps finding new parameters that reduce column internal losses by 60% and its energy requirement by 21%.

2012

Determining The Potential Of Salinity Gradient Energy Source Using An Exergy Analysis

Arash Emdadi

Amer Soc Mechanical Engineers2016