Concept
Druglikeness
Concepts associés (9)
Lipophilic efficiency
Lipophilic efficiency (LiPE), sometimes referred to as ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) is a parameter used in drug design and drug discovery to evaluate the quality of research compounds, linking potency and lipophilicity in an attempt to estimate druglikeness. For a given compound LiPE is defined as the pIC50 (or pEC50) of interest minus the LogP of the compound. In practice, calculated values such as cLogP or calculated LogD are often used instead of the measured LogP or LogD.
Lipinski's rule of five
Lipinski's rule of five, also known as Pfizer's rule of five or simply the rule of five (RO5), is a rule of thumb to evaluate druglikeness or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacological or biological activity has chemical properties and physical properties that would likely make it an orally active drug in humans. The rule was formulated by Christopher A. Lipinski in 1997, based on the observation that most orally administered drugs are relatively small and moderately lipophilic molecules.
Lead compound
A lead compound (ˈliːd, i.e. a "leading" compound, not to be confused with various compounds of the metallic element lead) in drug discovery is a chemical compound that has pharmacological or biological activity likely to be therapeutically useful, but may nevertheless have suboptimal structure that requires modification to fit better to the target; lead drugs offer the prospect of being followed by back-up compounds. Its chemical structure serves as a starting point for chemical modifications in order to improve potency, selectivity, or pharmacokinetic parameters.
Biological activity
In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications.
Relation quantitative structure à activité
Une relation quantitative structure à activité (en anglais : Quantitative structure-activity relationship ou QSAR, parfois désignée sous le nom de relation quantitative structure à propriété - en anglais : quantitative structure-property relationship ou QSPR) est le procédé par lequel une structure chimique est corrélée avec un effet bien déterminé comme l'activité biologique ou la réactivité chimique. Ainsi, l'activité biologique peut être exprimée de manière quantitative, comme pour la concentration de substance nécessaire pour obtenir une certaine réponse biologique.
Petite molécule
En biochimie, une petite molécule est un composé organique de faible masse moléculaire qui par définition n'est pas un polymère. En pharmacologie, ce terme est restreint aux molécules qui ont une forte affinité pour des biopolymères tels que des protéines, les acides nucléiques ou les polysaccharides et modifient leur fonction ou leur activité biologique en se liant à eux. On fixe à environ la borne supérieure de la masse d'une petite molécule, ce qui correspond à la limite en dessous de laquelle les molécules peuvent diffuser à travers la membrane cellulaire pour atteindre leur cible à l'intérieur de la cellule.
Drug discovery
In the fields of medicine, biotechnology and pharmacology, drug discovery is the process by which new candidate medications are discovered. Historically, drugs were discovered by identifying the active ingredient from traditional remedies or by serendipitous discovery, as with penicillin. More recently, chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts were screened in intact cells or whole organisms to identify substances that had a desirable therapeutic effect in a process known as classical pharmacology.
Hit to lead
Hit to lead (H2L) also known as lead generation is a stage in early drug discovery where small molecule hits from a high throughput screen (HTS) are evaluated and undergo limited optimization to identify promising lead compounds. These lead compounds undergo more extensive optimization in a subsequent step of drug discovery called lead optimization (LO).
Conception de médicament
La conception de médicament, plus précisément conception de substance pharmacologiquement active plus connue sous sa dénomination anglaise Drug design est l'ensemble des processus nécessaires à l'élaboration d'un médicament. Dans l'industrie pharmaceutique, ces processus peuvent-être subdivisés et répartis en quatre phases ou étapes : La phase de recherche La phase de développement La phase clinique La phase de mise sur le marché Remarque : Les phases de recherche et développement sont communément dénommées R&D.