Concept
Dynamique des fluides
Concepts associés (72)
Shear flow
In fluid dynamics, shear flow is the flow induced by a force in a fluid. In solid mechanics, shear flow is the shear stress over a distance in a thin-walled structure. For thin-walled profiles, such as that through a beam or semi-monocoque structure, the shear stress distribution through the thickness can be neglected. Furthermore, there is no shear stress in the direction normal to the wall, only parallel. In these instances, it can be useful to express internal shear stress as shear flow, which is found as the shear stress multiplied by the thickness of the section.
Barotrope
En mécanique des fluides, un fluide barotrope est celui dont les lignes d'égale pression sont parallèles à celles d'égale densité (isopycne). Ce qualificatif est utilisé dans plusieurs domaines dont la météorologie, l'océanographie physique et l'astrophysique pour décrire des gaz ou liquides dont les propriétés ne varient pas avec l'épaisseur. Dans un fluide barotrope idéal, la variation de la pression se fait seulement avec la variation de la densité: .
Effet Coandă
vignette|L'effet Coandă du flux d'air explique le maintien de la balle en hauteur lorsque le flux d'air est incliné, comme ici. vignette|Sustentation d'un tube à essai sous un jet d'air. L’effet Coandă (du nom de l'ingénieur roumain Henri Coandă, né en 1886) est l’attraction ou l'attachement d’un jet de fluide par une surface convexe sur laquelle il s'écoule. Le fluide suit la surface et subit une déviation avant de s'en détacher avec une trajectoire différente de celle qu'il avait en amont.
Analytical dynamics
In classical mechanics, analytical dynamics, also known as classical dynamics or simply dynamics, is concerned with the relationship between motion of bodies and its causes, namely the forces acting on the bodies and the properties of the bodies, particularly mass and moment of inertia. The foundation of modern-day dynamics is Newtonian mechanics and its reformulation as Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics.
Wave height
In fluid dynamics, the wave height of a surface wave is the difference between the elevations of a crest and a neighboring trough. Wave height is a term used by mariners, as well as in coastal, ocean and naval engineering. At sea, the term significant wave height is used as a means to introduce a well-defined and standardized statistic to denote the characteristic height of the random waves in a sea state, including wind sea and swell. It is defined in such a way that it more or less corresponds to what a mariner observes when estimating visually the average wave height.
Flow measurement
Flow measurement is the quantification of bulk fluid movement. Flow can be measured using devices called flowmeters in various ways. The common types of flowmeters with industrial applications are listed below: Obstruction type (differential pressure or variable area) Inferential (turbine type) Electromagnetic Positive-displacement flowmeters, which accumulate a fixed volume of fluid and then count the number of times the volume is filled to measure flow. Fluid dynamic (vortex shedding) Anemometer Ultrasonic flow meter Mass flow meter (Coriolis force).
Viscous stress tensor
The viscous stress tensor is a tensor used in continuum mechanics to model the part of the stress at a point within some material that can be attributed to the strain rate, the rate at which it is deforming around that point. The viscous stress tensor is formally similar to the elastic stress tensor (Cauchy tensor) that describes internal forces in an elastic material due to its deformation. Both tensors map the normal vector of a surface element to the density and direction of the stress acting on that surface element.
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics
Boundary conditions in fluid dynamics are the set of constraints to boundary value problems in computational fluid dynamics. These boundary conditions include inlet boundary conditions, outlet boundary conditions, wall boundary conditions, constant pressure boundary conditions, axisymmetric boundary conditions, symmetric boundary conditions, and periodic or cyclic boundary conditions. Transient problems require one more thing i.e., initial conditions where initial values of flow variables are specified at nodes in the flow domain.
Instabilité
État de déséquilibre dynamique ou thermique de l'atmosphère, qui détermine les mouvements verticaux ascendants.
Convection thermique
La convection (thermique) désigne le transfert d'énergie thermique au sein d'un fluide en mouvement ou entre un fluide en mouvement et une paroi solide. Ce transfert d'énergie est réalisé par deux modes de transfert élémentaire combinés que sont l'advection et la diffusion. La convection constitue, avec la conduction et le rayonnement, l'un des trois modes d'échange de chaleur entre deux systèmes, et diffère de ces derniers par la méthode de transfert.