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Concept
Camion à benne basculante
Résumé
A dump truck, known also as a dumping truck, dump trailer, dumper trailer, dump lorry or dumper lorry or a dumper for short, is used for transporting materials (such as dirt, gravel, or demolition waste) for construction as well as coal. A typical dump truck is equipped with an open-box bed, which is hinged at the rear and equipped with hydraulic rams to lift the front, allowing the material in the bed to be deposited ("dumped") on the ground behind the truck at the site of delivery. In the UK, Australia, South Africa and India the term applies to off-road construction plants only and the road vehicle is known as a tip lorry, tipper lorry (UK, India), tipper truck, tip truck, tip trailer or tipper trailer or simply a tipper (Australia, New Zealand, South Africa).
The dump truck is thought to have been first conceived in the farms of late 19th century western Europe. Thornycroft developed a steam dust-cart in 1896 with a tipper mechanism. The first motorized dump trucks in the United States were developed by small equipment companies such as The Fruehauf Trailer Corporation, Galion Buggy Co. and Lauth-Juergens among many others around 1910. Hydraulic dump beds were introduced by Wood Hoist Co. shortly after. Such companies flourished during World War I due to massive wartime demand. August Fruehauf had obtained military contracts for his semi-trailer, invented in 1914 and later created the partner vehicle, the semi-truck for use in World War I. After the war, Fruehauf introduced hydraulics in his trailers. They offered hydraulic lift gates, hydraulic winches and a dump trailer for sales in the early 1920s. Fruehauf became the premier supplier of dump trailers and their famed "bathtub dump" was considered to be the best by heavy haulers, road and mining construction firms.
Companies like Galion Buggy Co. continued to grow after the war by manufacturing a number of express bodies and some smaller dump bodies that could be easily installed on either stock or converted (heavy-duty suspension and drivetrain) Model T chassis prior to 1920.
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Concepts associés (11)
Haul truck
Haul trucks are off-highway, rigid dump trucks specifically engineered for use in high-production mining and heavy-duty construction environments. Haul trucks are also used for transporting construction equipment from job site to job site. Some are multi-axle in order to support the equipment that is being hauled. Most haul trucks have a two-axle design, but two well-known models from the 1970s, the 350T Terex Titan and 235T Wabco 3200/B, had three axles. Haul truck capacities range from to .
Semi-remorque
Une semi-remorque est une remorque routière destinée au transport de marchandises dont la particularité est de reposer sur un ou plusieurs essieux à l'arrière, et sur le véhicule tracteur à l'avant, par l'intermédiaire d'une plateforme appelée « sellette » ou « verrou coupleur », de sorte que le tracteur supporte une partie notable du poids de la remorque et de son chargement. gauche|vignette|Tracteur Linn (avec roues pour l'été).
Engin de chantier
vignette|Différents engins de chantier, de gauche à droite : un bulldozer, un tombereau et une pelle mécanique hydraulique. Un engin de chantier ou engin de génie civil est un engin utilisé sur les chantiers pour effectuer différents travaux de terrassement. D'après Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, dans son « Dictionnaire raisonné de l’architecture française du », on donnait le nom d'engin Les premiers engins sont donc des machines complexes qui mettent en œuvre des machines simples qui sont connues depuis l'Antiquité : les leviers, roues, poulies, engrenages et treuils.