Intrinsic value (ethics)In ethics, intrinsic value is a property of anything that is valuable on its own. Intrinsic value is in contrast to instrumental value (also known as extrinsic value), which is a property of anything that derives its value from a relation to another intrinsically valuable thing. Intrinsic value is always something that an object has "in itself" or "for its own sake", and is an intrinsic property. An object with intrinsic value may be regarded as an end, or in Kantian terminology, as an end-in-itself.
Valeurs (sociologie)thumb|400px|Les valeurs culturelles dans le monde d'après Ronald Inglehart et Christian Welzel (2004). L'axe horizontal distingue les valeurs de survie (gauche) des valeurs d'épanouissement personnel (droite), tandis que l'axe vertical met en évidence les valeurs traditionnelles (bas) et les valeurs laïques et rationnelles (haut). Le terme valeurs peut faire référence à des attributs et des perceptions qu'une personne partage avec des membres de son groupe social ou culturel ; ces valeurs sont dites parfaites et rendent désirables ainsi qu'estimables les êtres ou les comportements auxquels elles sont attribuées.
Instrumental and value rationality"Instrumental" and "value rationality" are terms scholars use to identify two ways individuals act in order to optimize their behavior. Instrumental rationality recognizes means that "work" efficiently to achieve ends. Value rationality recognizes ends that are "right," legitimate in themselves. These two ways of reasoning seem to operate separately. Efficient means are recognized inductively in heads or brains or minds. Legitimate ends are felt deductively in hearts or guts or souls.
Axiological ethicsIn the field of philosophy, Axiological ethics is concerned with the values by which people uphold ethical standards, and the investigation and development of theories of ethical behaviour. Axiological ethics investigates and questions what the intellectual bases for a system of values. Axiologic ethics explore the justifications for value systems, and examine if there exists an objective justification, beyond arbitrary personal preference, for the existence and practise of a given value system.