Implant dentaire

Résumé

Un implant dentaire ou ancrage dentaire est un dispositif médical inséré dans le maxillaire ou la mandibule et destiné à créer un ancrage capable de recevoir une prothèse dentaire amovible ou fixée. Développement de la technique et des matériaux Pendant les années 1950, le professeur Per Ingvar Brånemark (Suède) découvre par hasard l'exceptionnelle affinité du titane pour l'os vivant. Le titane devient alors le premier matériau connu qui soit totalement biocompatible. Il décide d'exploiter cette découverte pour contribuer à traiter les personnes édentées. À cette fin, il développe une vis représentant une sorte de racine artificielle destinée à soutenir une prothèse dentaire. Dès lors, les premiers patients porteurs de prothèse amovible totale de la mandibule sont équipés de prothèse fixée sur des implants. Au milieu des années 1980, le révèle à la communauté dentaire internationale le fruit de ses travaux et expérimentations, réalisés sur l'animal puis sur l'homme, av

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implant_dentaire

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L’odontologie conservatrice est la partie de la dentisterie qui s'occupe de soigner les dents, en éliminant le moins possible de matière dentaire saine (émail et dentine). Description

L'ostéo-intégration (ou ostéointégration) est la connexion structurelle et fonctionnelle directe entre l'os vivant et la surface d'un implant artificiel. Le terme provient du grec osteon (os) et du

Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly.

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Chemical functionalization of ceramics biomaterials for the development of new bone implants

Suradech Singhanat

2009

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Numerical model of Total Knee Replacement replicating chair rising

Tshahé Auria Anongba Varela

Although the procedure of total knee replacement (TKR) has been improved for the last decades, patients may still face postoperative complications. Specially, causes of complications related to patellar resurfacing, such as osteonecrosis, patellar bone fracture, anterior knee pain and implant failure, are still unclear. Predicting strain state of the patellar bone after TKR by means of numerical modeling may help in understanding and possibly preventing such complications. First TKR model has been already developed within LBO (built in Abaqus/Standard). The model replicates loaded squat movement (Oxford rig). As the model is planned to be applied to the real TKA patients and compared with their real kinematics, squat movement could be problematic to accomplish for these patients. Thus we want also ask them to perform chair rising movement. In the project we propose to extend existing model of squat to “chair rising” movement. First, the student should study existing in vivo studies of chair rising to estimate kinematics during the movement. And then to implement this movement in Abaqus. The aim is to estimate patellar bone strain during this movement.

2014

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Influence of TECK on chondrocyte differentiation

Benjamin David

Nowadays, cartilage repair is a worldwide centre of interest due to the low potential of cartilage to heal spontaneously and the increasing number of patients around the world. One of the techniques to treat cartilage defect is to use autologous human serum in cell-free implants to recruit chondrocytes. However, the serum is variable in its quality and therefore the chemokine TECK might be used as a reliable bioactive pharmaceutical component to recruit chondrocytes in cartilage regeneration techniques. In this study, the influence of the chemokine TECK on chondrocytes re-differentiation was studied during early chondrogenesis. So, high-density pellets were formed from three donors and cultivated for two and four days in three different concentrations of TECK, 0 [nM], 10 [nM] and 1000 [nM]. The high-density pellets were compared and analyzed at the protein and mRNA levels. Indeed, proteoglycans and type II collagen were stained to reveal the production of these two essential markers of chondrogenesis and RT-PCR was performed to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of various genes, type II collagen, type IX collagen, aggrecan, Sox 9, COMP, MMP 13 and Timp 1-2. It resulted that chondrocytes of two out of three donors showed a potential to re-differentatiate. In fact, these two donors increased their productions of proteolycans and type II collagen between day two and day four, a lapse of time considered as early chondrogenesis. These results were confirmed by the mRNA expression levels, which indicated increases of the expression levels in type II collagen, type IX collagen, aggrecan and Sox 9. Thus, the chemokine TECK showed no evidence that it modified the behaviours of chondrocytes in high-density pellets during the first four days. So, TECK might be a reliable bioactive pharmaceutical component to recruit chondrocytes in order to regenerate cartilage in the future

2010

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