Countermeasure (computer)In computer security a countermeasure is an action, device, procedure, or technique that reduces a threat, a vulnerability, or an attack by eliminating or preventing it, by minimizing the harm it can cause, or by discovering and reporting it so that corrective action can be taken. The definition is as IETF RFC 2828 that is the same as CNSS Instruction No. 4009 dated 26 April 2010 by Committee on National Security Systems of United States of America.
Vecteur (logiciel malveillant)Un vecteur désigne en informatique le moyen utilisé par du code malveillant, tel qu'un virus ou un vers, pour se propager d'ordinateur à ordinateur afin de les infecter. Ce sens est similaire et dérive du mot vecteur en biologie. Quelques vecteurs communs : dépassement de tampon (à titre d'exemple, c'est la méthode employée par le ver Blaster pour se propager) e-mails HTML enrichis avec un langage de script tel que JavaScript failles dans les protocoles réseau Pour Provos et al, une page web est malveillante "si elle provoque l'installation automatique du logiciel insu de l'utilisateur, la connaissance ou le consentement".
IT riskInformation technology risk, IT risk, IT-related risk, or cyber risk is any risk relating to information technology. While information has long been appreciated as a valuable and important asset, the rise of the knowledge economy and the Digital Revolution has led to organizations becoming increasingly dependent on information, information processing and especially IT. Various events or incidents that compromise IT in some way can therefore cause adverse impacts on the organization's business processes or mission, ranging from inconsequential to catastrophic in scale.
Ver informatiqueUn ver informatique est un logiciel malveillant qui se reproduit sur plusieurs ordinateurs en utilisant un réseau informatique comme Internet. Il a la capacité de se dupliquer une fois qu'il a été exécuté. Contrairement au virus, le ver se propage sans avoir besoin de se lier à d'autres programmes exécutables. vignette| Disquette contenant le « ver de Morris » au musée de l'histoire de l'ordinateur. Le terme « ver » (en anglais « worm ») a été utilisé pour la première fois en 1975 par le romancier britannique John Brunner dans son roman Sur l'onde de choc.
Information security auditAn information security audit is an audit of the level of information security in an organization. It is an independent review and examination of system records, activities, and related documents. These audits are intended to improve the level of information security, avoid improper information security designs, and optimize the efficiency of the security safeguards and security processes. Within the broad scope of auditing information security there are multiple types of audits, multiple objectives for different audits, etc.
Security service (telecommunication)Security service is a service, provided by a layer of communicating open systems, which ensures adequate security of the systems or of data transfers as defined by ITU-T X.800 Recommendation. X.800 and ISO 7498-2 (Information processing systems – Open systems interconnection – Basic Reference Model – Part 2: Security architecture) are technically aligned. This model is widely recognized A more general definition is in CNSS Instruction No.
Asset (computer security)In information security, computer security and network security, an asset is any data, device, or other component of the environment that supports information-related activities. Assets generally include hardware (e.g. servers and switches), software (e.g. mission critical applications and support systems) and confidential information. Assets should be protected from illicit access, use, disclosure, alteration, destruction, and/or theft, resulting in loss to the organization.
Risk factor (computing)In information security, risk factor is a collective name for circumstances affecting the likelihood or impact of a security risk. Factor Analysis of Information Risk#Risk Factor Analysis of Information Risk (FAIR) is devoted to the analysis of different factors influencing IT risk. It decompose at various levels, starting from the first level Loss Event Frequency and Probable Loss Magnitude, going on examining the asset, the threat agent capability compared to the vulnerability (computing) and the security control (also called countermeasure) strength, the probability that the agent get in contact and actually act against the asset, the organization capability to react to the event and the impact on stakeholders.
Browser securityBrowser security is the application of Internet security to web browsers in order to protect networked data and computer systems from breaches of privacy or malware. Security exploits of browsers often use JavaScript, sometimes with cross-site scripting (XSS) with a secondary payload using Adobe Flash. Security exploits can also take advantage of vulnerabilities (security holes) that are commonly exploited in all browsers (including Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Internet Explorer, and Safari).
Patch (informatique)Un patch ou correctif, est une section de code que l'on ajoute à un logiciel, pour y apporter des modifications : correction d'un bug, traduction, crack. Les termes recommandés en France par la DGLFLF sont « retouche » ou « correctif ». Au Canada, le terme recommandé par l'OQLF est « correctif », le mot « rustine » étant également accepté. L'origine de l'expression provient de l'utilisation des rubans perforés sur lesquels on ajoutait une rustine pour corriger un bug (voir figure).
