Trouble cognitif léger

Le déficit cognitif léger représente un trouble cognitif particulier, intermédiaire entre les changements cognitifs liés à l'âge (comme l'oubli bénin lié à l'âge), et les pathologies dégénératives responsables de troubles cognitifs évolutifs, en particulier la maladie d'Alzheimer. Cette entité fut mise en avant par R.C. Petersen dans les années 2000. Il se définit par une plainte cognitive (très souvent la mémoire), confirmée par des tests psychométriques (bilan neuropsychologique) qui confirment que la mémoire est moins bonne que celle d'une personne normale du même âge, mais sans conséquence sur la vie quotidienne (sans besoin d'aide). Cet état peut être un début de maladie neurodégénérative comme la maladie d'Alzheimer (en particulier si la plainte concerne la mémoire) mais aussi rester stable ou même disparaître (dans 16 % des cas au bout d'un an selon une étude récente) . Le risque d'évoluer vers une démence est estimé à 10 % par années à venir. Des examens médicaux (bilan n

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CH-419: Protein mass spectrometry and proteomics

In systems biology, proteomics represents an essential pillar. The understanding of protein function and regulation provides key information to decipher the complexity of living systems. Proteomic technology now enables deep quantitative proteome mapping via mass spectrometry.

BIO-480: Neuroscience: from molecular mechanisms to disease

The goal of the course is to guide students through the essential aspects of molecular neuroscience and neurodegenerative diseases. The student will gain the ability to dissect the molecular basis of disease in the nervous system in order to begin to understand and identify therapeutic strategies.

BIO-311: Neuroscience

The course starts with fundamentals of electrical - and chemical signaling in neurons. Students then learn how neurons in the brain receive and process sensory information, and how other neurons control the behavior of an animal. Furthermore, memory, learning, and brain disorders will be introduced.

Démence

La démence (du latin dementia signifiant « folie ») ou trouble neurocognitif majeur est une sérieuse perte ou réduction des capacités cognitives suffisamment importante pour retenti

Trouble psychique

Un trouble psychique, qui peut être également désigné sous les termes de trouble psychiatrique ou encore de trouble mental, désigne un ensemble d'affections et troubles d'origines très différentes e

Maladie à corps de Lewy

La maladie à corps de Lewy (MCL), appelée aussi démence à corps de Lewy (DCL), est un type de démence partageant des caractéristiques avec la maladie d'Alzheimer et la maladie de Parkinson. Plus pré

Interactions between Personality, Depression, Anxiety and Cognition to Understand Early Stage of Alzheimer's Disease

Valérie Rita Madeleine Zufferey

The multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can lead to wide inter-individual differences in disease manifestation in terms of brain pathology and cognition. The lack of understanding of phenotypic diversity in AD arises from a difficulty in understanding the integration of different levels of network organization (i.e. genes, neurons, synapses, anatomical regions, functions) and in inclusion of other information such as neuropsychiatric characteristics, personal history, information regarding general health or subjective cognitive complaints in a coherent model. Non-cognitive factors, such as personality traits and behavioral and psychiatric symptoms, can be informative markers of early disease stage. It is known that personality can affect cognition and behavioral symptoms. The aim of the paper is to review the different types of interactions existing between personality, depression/anxiety, and cognition and cognitive disorders at behavioral and brain/genetic levels.

BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBL LTD2020

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Recent Developments on the Use of Nanomaterials for the Treatment of Epilepsy

Sara María Garcia Pedrero, Sandrine Gerber

Epilepsy affects more than 40 million people worldwide, constituting one of the most debilitating disorders of the Central Nervous System (CNS). It results from an imbalance in the electrical activity of neurons, which is primarily mediated by calcium ions. In many cases, treatment with Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs) that regulate calcium channel activity results in successful seizure control. However, AEDs frequently cause adverse effects that range in severity from minimal impairment of the CNS to death from aplastic anemia or hepatic failure. Moreover, 30% of epileptic patients show drug-resistant epilepsy and do not respond to any form of medical treatment. In this context, nanotechnology has emerged as an excellent tool to overcome AEDs limitations. Numerous nano-strategies have been proposed as therapeutics and diagnostics for epilepsy through inhibition of different calcium channel types in the brain. In addition, limited brain access of classical AEDs in patients showing refractory epilepsy could be improved through the design of targeted drug delivery nanosystems. This report presents a review of the nanocarriers developed so far that could facilitate the interaction with calcium channels in the brain and the transport of AEDs through the blood-brain-barrier, mapping out a potential future direction in the research of epilepsy treatment.

2022

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Mapping of Structure-Function Age-Related Connectivity Changes on Cognition Using Multimodal MRI

Maria Giulia Preti, Dimitri Nestor Alice Van De Ville

The relationship between age-related changes in brain structural connectivity (SC) and functional connectivity (FC) with cognition is not well understood. Furthermore, it is not clear whether cognition is represented via a similar spatial pattern of FC and SC or instead is mapped by distinct sets of distributed connectivity patterns. To this end, we used a longitudinal, within-subject, multimodal approach aiming to combine brain data from diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), and functional MRI (fMRI) with behavioral evaluation, to better understand how changes in FC and SC correlate with changes in cognition in a sample of older adults. FC and SC measures were derived from the multimodal scans acquired at two time points. Change in FC and SC was correlated with 13 behavioral measures of cognitive function using Partial Least Squares Correlation (PLSC). Two of the measures indicate an age-related change in cognition and the rest indicate baseline cognitive performance. FC and SC-cognition correlations were expressed across several cognitive measures, and numerous structural and functional cortical connections, mainly cingulo-opercular, dorsolateral prefrontal, somatosensory and motor, and temporo-parieto-occipital, contributed both positively and negatively to the brain-behavior relationship. Whole-brain FC and SC captured distinct and independent connections related to the cognitive measures. Overall, we examined age-related function-structure associations of the brain in a comprehensive and integrated manner, using a multimodal approach. We pointed out the behavioral relevance of age-related changes in FC and SC. Taken together, our results highlight that the heterogeneity in distributed FC and SC connectivity patterns provide unique information about the variable nature of healthy cognitive aging.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2022

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