A coal-fired power station or coal power plant is a thermal power station which burns coal to generate electricity. Worldwide there are over 2,400 coal-fired power stations, totaling over 2,000 gigawatts capacity. They generate about a third of the world's electricity, but cause many illnesses and the most early deaths, mainly from air pollution.
A coal-fired power station is a type of fossil fuel power station. The coal is usually pulverized and then burned in a pulverized coal-fired boiler. The furnace heat converts boiler water to steam, which is then used to spin turbines that turn generators. Thus chemical energy stored in coal is converted successively into thermal energy, mechanical energy and, finally, electrical energy.
Coal-fired power stations emit over 10 billon tonnes of carbon dioxide each year, about one fifth of world greenhouse gas emissions, so are the single largest cause of climate change. More than half of all the coal-fired electricity in the world is generated in China. In 2020 the total number of plants started falling as they are being retired in Europe and America although still being built in Asia, almost all in China. Some remain profitable because costs to other people due to the health and environmental impact of the coal industry are not priced into the cost of generation, but there is the risk newer plants may become stranded assets. The UN Secretary General has said that OECD countries should stop generating electricity from coal by 2030, and the rest of the world by 2040. Vietnam is among the few coal-dependent fast developing countries that fully pledged to phase out unbated coal power by the 2040s or as soon as possible thereafter.
Power station#History
The first coal-fired power stations were built in the late 19th century and used reciprocating engines to generate direct current. Steam turbines allowed much larger plants to be built in the early 20th century and alternating current was used to serve wider areas.
Coal is delivered by highway truck, rail, barge, collier ship or coal slurry pipeline.
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LAfrique du Sud, en forme longue la république d'Afrique du Sud, est un pays d'Afrique australe. Sa capitale administrative est Pretoria. Il est frontalier à l'ouest-nord-ouest avec la Namibie, au nord et au nord-nord-est avec le Botswana, au nord-est avec le Zimbabwe, et à l'est-nord-est avec le Mozambique et l'Eswatini. Le Lesotho est pour sa part un État enclavé dans le territoire sud-africain. L'Afrique du Sud compte d’habitants en 2018 répartis en 80,2 % de Noirs, 8,8 % de Coloureds, 8,4 % de Blancs et 2,5 % d'asiatiques (sous-continent indien).
Coal pollution mitigation, sometimes called clean coal, is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate the health and environmental impact of coal; in particular air pollution from coal-fired power stations, and from coal burnt by heavy industry. The primary focus is on sulfur dioxide () and nitrogen oxides (), the most important gases which caused acid rain; and particulates which cause visible air pollution, illness and premature deaths. can be removed by flue-gas desulfurization and by selective catalytic reduction (SCR).
Une centrale thermique est une centrale électrique qui fonctionne à partir d'une source de chaleur selon le principe des machines thermiques. Cette transformation se fait soit directement, par détente des gaz de combustion, soit indirectement, par exemple à travers un cycle eau-vapeur. Les installations à cogénération utilisent en outre une partie de la chaleur résiduelle pour d'autres applications, telles que les réseaux de chaleur.
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